CPR Hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia Hyperthermia is characterized by a body temperature exceeding the typical range of 36.5 37.6°C (97.7 99.7°F…

…to malignant ventricular arrhythmias, notably torsade de pointes. This condition is primarily attributed to specific genetic mutations: loss of function mutations in KCNQ1 (LQT1) and…

…channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium in the myocardial and peripheral vascular smooth muscle cell membranes, thus inhibiting the contraction of…

…channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine inhibits the influx of extracellular calcium in the myocardial and peripheral vascular smooth muscle cell membranes, thus inhibiting the contraction of…

…to malignant ventricular arrhythmias, notably torsade de pointes. This condition is primarily attributed to specific genetic mutations: loss of function mutations in KCNQ1 (LQT1) and…

…hypotension, pulmonary edema, malignant arrhythmias, and rapid progression to cardiogenic shock. Ventricular fibrillation or asystole may occur early due to the massive ischemia. Complete LMCA…

…temperature at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue about −50 °C…

…organ damage. Isolated malignant retinopathy without other acute organ damage can often be treated more cautiously with oral drugs under careful observation [3,4]. A…

…a symptomatic or large pneumothorax, recurrent malignant effusion (often combined with pleurodesis), and in chest trauma and postoperatively. Emergency needle decompression: a clinical suspicion of…

…kidneys, or other vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in…

…heart failure, malignant arrhythmias, or mechanical complications. Risk assessment is intended to identify patients most likely to benefit from early coronary angiography and revascularization, while…

…depending on the specific drug and dosage [1]. Acute Management and Treatment Alternatives The management of TdP and related malignant ventricular arrhythmias requires a structured…

…syndrome). The prevalence of ARVC is between 0.02 and 0.05% in Europe (Corrado et al). ARVC is more malignant in men, the reason…

…Approximately 80% of all primary tumors are benign, and the remaining ones are malignant. • Secondary cardiac tumours have spread to the heart by metastasis or…

…associations include: Idiopathic or viral pericarditis Malignant pericardial disease Tuberculosis Purulent or bacterial pericarditis Trauma Cardiac surgery and other iatrogenic cardiovascular procedures Acute aortic disease…

…considered more malignant than anomalous origin of the right coronary artery. High risk anatomical features include: An interarterial course between the aorta and pulmonary artery…

…in approximately 0.5–12% of angiographic series and up to 5–75% of CT series; other angiographic descriptions report rates of approximately 5–10…

…but may cause malignant arrhythmias. QT dispersion The QT interval varies somewhat in the different leads. The difference between the shortest and the longest QT…

…electrocardiographic phenotype, a higher likelihood of positive provocation testing, and an increased risk of malignant arrhythmic events (MAEs) [10] . Electrophysiological Mechanisms: Repolarization vs. Depolarization The…

…associated with the Brugada syndrome. These mutations are located in genes encoding potassium and calcium channels of the outer cell membrane. Clinical presentation of Brugada…

…to highly malignant, which is why expeditious management is warranted. Initial management includes assessing the patient's clinical status (symptoms, hemodynamics), ECG and risk factors…

…according to the diagnostic question, not according to what is quickest. Indications Suspected malignancy: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma. An unclear inflammatory dermatosis…

…pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of…

…For questions other than acute meningitis — an insidious onset, known malignancy, immunosuppression, papilloedema or new focal neurological signs — CT is performed first. Preparation and equipment…

…in the left lower quadrant lateral to the rectus sheath, and a cell count plus albumin on the sample. Indications Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites —…

…in mitral and tricuspid inflow The echocardiographic counterpart of pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute contraindications other than the…

…in pulmonary embolism without malignancy and without antiphospholipid syndrome. The doses in venous thromboembolism include an initial high dose phase and differ from the doses…

…a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an aortoenteric fistula. Variceal bleeding generally has a higher early mortality than non variceal bleeding [1,2]. Upper gastrointestinal…

Echocardiography Pericardial diseases: effusion and tamponade A long series of conditions can affect the pericardium (pericardium). The most common of these are acute pericarditis (perimyocarditis…

…urgently Perianal and perirectal Often larger than it appears; risk of fistula Surgeon, often operative management Breast Cosmesis, milk ducts, malignancy differential Surgeon or mammography…

…Active malignancy with a risk of transmission (an individual assessment; certain tumour types are not a bar). Untreated generalised infection, or certain transmissible agents according…

…5. Biopsy any ulcer that has not healed within three months despite adequate treatment — malignancy (Marjolin's ulcer, basal cell carcinoma) and vasculitis do occur…

…between regimens. Neutropenia can also be caused by haematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive drugs, radiotherapy, bone marrow failure and certain targeted cancer treatments. Fever…

…Other Systemic/Local Causes Conditions: Intraabdominal processes, pneumothorax, and herpes zoster pain are other considerations when assessing chest pain [2]. Autoimmune/Malignancy: A history suggesting…