…mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal saline to flush all lumens, suture…

…94%. Provide an intravenous or intraosseous fluid bolus, beginning with 500 ml of normal saline over 5 10 minutes, adjusting based on response. If hypotension…

…metabolite with a half life exceeding 80 hours, allowing for sustained hemodynamic effects for days after the infusion is discontinued. Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) acts primarily as…

…while the osmolality is corrected cautiously [1,3]. Euglycaemic DKA Euglycaemic DKA means ketosis and metabolic acidosis despite a normal or only moderately raised glucose…

…adult this corresponds to the order of 100–200 mL of the 50 mg/mL solution. 6. Continue with a continuous infusion of sodium bicarbonate …

…given over 10 minutes. Maximum infusion of 226 mg, which is 56,5 ml of the 4 mg/ml solution. Cumulative doses of more than…

…and an infusion solution. A pulse oximeter, a blood pressure cuff, a clock. The respiratory rate is counted manually. Naloxone 0.4 mg/mL out…

…precipitate ventricular fibrillation. Prioritise rewarming. Bradycardia in a patient with a normal circulation and no symptoms requires no pacing, only monitoring and preparedness. Asystole with…

…not by the potassium value alone. A normal ECG does not exclude dangerous hyperkalaemia. Record a 12 lead ECG and start cardiac monitoring at a…

…Significant right to left shunt (e.g., Eisenmenger syndrome). Qp/Qs ≈ 1 : Normal, no significant shunt. Clinical Relevance of Shunt Fraction Diagnosis of Shunt Severity…

…to the local protocol. Usually a bolus followed by repeated doses or an infusion Suspected adrenal crisis Give the corticosteroid immediately. Do not wait for…

…Give a full loading dose of an intravenous antiseizure drug If the seizure continues after adequate step 1 and step 2 Refractory status: contact anaesthesia…

…Time to onset of action 2 4 minutes Duration of action 5 15 minutes Delivery IV (infusion). Dose Initial dose: 1 2 mg/h iv…

…of action 1 minute Duration of action 20 30 minutes Delivery IV Dose Loading dose: 500 μg/kg bolus over 1 minute. Infusion start…

…IV Dose Initial infusion dose: 0.1 μg/kg/minute iv. Titrated at 15 minutes intervals. Maximum infusion dose: 1.6 μg/kg…

…Infusion • Afterload reduction : Start infusion at 1 mg/hour. Increase by 0.5 mg/hour every 20 min to desired blood pressure. Maximum infusion rate…

…Time to onset of action 2 4 minutes Duration of action 5 15 minutes Delivery IV (infusion). Dose Initial dose: 1 2 mg/h iv…

…minutes Duration of action 2 to 4 hours Delivery IV Dose Can be given as repeated intravenous bolus injections or as a constant dose infusion…

…to onset of action 5 to 15 minutes Duration of action 1.5 to 5 hours Delivery IV Dose 5–15 mg/hour IV infusion…

…to onset of action 2 to 5 minutes Duration of action 5 to 10 minutes Delivery IV Dose Initial infusion dose: 5 μg/min…

…to onset of action 30 seconds to 1 minute Duration of action 1 to 10 minutes Delivery IV Dose Infusion: Starting dose: 0.25 to…

…to 15 minutes as necessary. Continuous infusion: Start infusion at 0.1 mg/min and increase in increments of 0.1 mg. Adverse effects Tachycardia…

…Time to onset of action 2 4 minutes Duration of action 5 15 minutes Delivery IV (infusion). Dose Initial dose: 1 2 mg/h iv…

…central venous catheter). The hemodynamic effects persist for 7–10 days after the end of infusion. Refer to Table 2 for a comparison between levosimendan…

…drug infusion or contrast medium. Remove a visible bee sting. Never delay adrenaline in order to identify or remove the allergen. 2. Give adrenaline 1…

…diluted to 0.1 mg/mL 1 µg/kg, titrated Fluid 500–1,000 mL Ringer's acetate rapidly 20 mL/kg Nebulised adrenaline 2…

…few days. Principles Insulin component Function Who needs it : : : Basal insulin (intermediate or long acting) Covers fasting glucose production Everyone with type 1 diabetes, always…

…Bronchospasm Anaphylaxis Bradycardia (second line alternative) Infusion : 0.01 to 0.10 μg/kg/min Bolus : 1 mg IV every 3 to 5 min…

…15 mg/min for 10 minutes. This is followed by a slower infusion of 1 mg/min for 6 hours, and then 0.5 mg…

…an event. EPS can thoroughly assess AV conduction and may include the infusion of agents to stress the AV node and His Purkinje system, such…

…Bronchospasm Anaphylaxis Bradycardia (second line alternative) Infusion : 0.01 to 0.10 μg/kg/min Bolus : 1 mg IV every 3 to 5 min…

…if bradycardia is caused by beta blockers. Dobutamine β 1 agonist Infusion of 3−10 μg/kg/min. T½ 2 min Effective if inotropic…

…dizziness, syncope. Cold environment. Cold intravenous fluids (1 2 L crystalloid, with rate 500 ml/h). Cold shower. Ice packs. Heat stroke ( 40°C) Neurological symptoms…

…cold infusions. A ventilator, an arterial line, a central venous catheter, ECG monitoring, blood gases. Drugs for sedation, analgesia and control of shivering. Procedure 1…

…for an incompletely performed drainage. Procedure 1. Locate the centre of the fluctuance, preferably with ultrasound if available. Mark the direction of the incision. 2…

…must not stay on for longer than 20–30 minutes. Procedure Paronychia — incision and drainage 1. A digital block if the abscess is more than…

…The varying inclusion criteria in these registries explain the marked differences in characteristics and outcomes across the data sources for out of hospital cardiac arrest…

…broader interval of approximately 1–8 weeks. The pathogenesis is presumed to be immune mediated. Pericardial injury, necrosis, bleeding, or pleural incision may expose cardiac…

…the remaining ones are malignant. • Secondary cardiac tumours have spread to the heart by metastasis or invasion from surrounding tissue. Differential Diagnostics There are several…

…No. 11 scalpel for the skin incision, sterile dressings, pressure dressing. Procedure 1. Place the patient in the lateral position with the knees drawn up…