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Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…or a non healing distal ulcer. Before compression treatment of a leg ulcer — compression in arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis. Screening in diabetes of 10…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…and the examination is needed for the diagnosis. Before audiometry or the fitting of a hearing aid. Recurrent otitis externa in which the wax retains…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…A symptom free interval between attacks, with possible residual unsteadiness. No hearing loss, tinnitus or neurological deficits. In horizontal positional vertigo (lateral semicircular canal) the…

Spirometry

…Recommended delay : : Myocardial infarction or unstable angina 1 month Pneumothorax 1 month after resolution Pulmonary embolism, until anticoagulated and stable An individual assessment Eye, ear…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…arrhythmia, panic attack, hypoglycaemia History, neurological examination, hearing, cardiac examination, ECG, selective vascular imaging Traumatic or toxic syndrome Onset after trauma, a change in medication…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…same foundation: an effective digital block and a tourniquet . Without a bloodless field one works by feel, and by feel nail spicules are left behind —…

Urinary catheterisation

…Procedure In men 1. Supine with the legs slightly apart. Create a sterile field and lay out the equipment. 2. Retract the foreskin and clean…

Wound suturing

…contaminated wounds where a long time has passed since the injury (see below). Be particularly cautious with impaired healing: peripheral vascular disease, diabetes with neuropathy…

P-wave, PR interval, PR segment: physiology, criteria & ECG findings

…of the P wave, PR interval and PR segment The P wave ECG interpretation usually starts with assessment of the P wave. The P wave…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…Severe pain Titrate the pressure up gradually Rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis Individual assessment Repeat the ABI every three to six months during ongoing compression therapy…

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