…ischaemic discomfort persists, emergency medical services should be called. Patients who have been prescribed sublingual nitroglycerin should be instructed in its appropriate use, although specific…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical…

…Hypertensive emergency is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of acute organ…

…Hypertensive emergency is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of acute organ…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least…

Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Anaphylaxis is a rapidly developing systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can cause life threatening compromise of the airway, breathing or circulation. Skin…

…but use a length based tool if one is available. This page is a rapid guide, not a treatment review. For a fuller account of…

…message Fever in a neutropenic patient is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation may be faint or absent…

…• Prolonged use often causes headaches, tremors. • Effective if bradycardia is caused by beta blockers. Adrenaline (Epinephrine) α and β agonist Infusion of 2–10 μ…

…Lathundar Clinical use This overview is a quick reference to the intravenous antihypertensive drugs used in a hypertensive emergency. It summarises the mechanism of action…

…determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of ultrasound throughout…

…tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation This manual presents recommendations for the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT, VF). It is primarily intended for use in an emergency setting…

…tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation This manual presents recommendations for the management of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT, VF). It is primarily intended for use in an emergency setting…

…Protocol). Nevertheless, there are obvious benefits of performing emergency bedside examinations, regardless of image quality. The ultrasound transducer is held at the tip, using the…

…Coarctation of the aorta Previous aortic trauma Pregnancy, particularly the third trimester Weightlifting Cocaine use Deceleration injury Systemic hypertension coexists in approximately 70% of patients…

…1 ml vial. Dilute with 10 ml of normal saline and give by slow injection over 5 10 minutes. Dilute immediately before use. PO: Alternatives…

…a large bore cannula in a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk of rapid deterioration. Intraosseous access: Cardiac arrest where venous access…

…use (<2 3 days), and monitor the patient closely to avoid cyanide toxicity. • Dose dependent reduction in coronary and renal perfusion. • Dose dependent elevation of…

…ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of vasopressors and…

…of action: 5 to 10 minutes. Adverse effects Headache (cerebral vasodilation). Tachycardia (due to reflex sympathetic activation). Nausea. Vomiting. Flushing. Palpitations. Tolerance with prolonged use…

…their use is limited by specific adverse effects. Most of these adverse events are related to the suppression of the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS…

…ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of vasopressors and…

…and inotropic effects (Figure 1). What follows is a quick reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit…

…describes approximately a four fold greater risk. This difference informs the use of sex specific surveillance and repair thresholds. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Most AAAs…

…arrest, BLS includes delivering high quality chest compressions, ventilations and use of an automatic external defibrillator (AED). BLS courses are provided by certified instructors worldwide…

…the emergency department [1,3]. Step 1: confirm the blood pressure and stabilise the patient Immediate assessment 1. Assess airway, breathing, circulation and level of…

…arthritis must be distinguished from crystal arthritis — the most important indication and an emergency procedure . An unclear arthritis, as part of the diagnostic work up…

…adhere to medication. However, contemporary data support the use of DES in most PCI procedures, including many patients with high bleeding risk, because newer DES…

…evening. See the quick reference on inpatient insulin therapy Peptic ulcer A proton pump inhibitor with concomitant NSAID use or a history of ulcer, not…

…severity of the symptoms governs the emergency treatment Severe symptoms The following symptoms indicate hyponatraemic encephalopathy and warrant immediate treatment in the absence of another…

…Hypothermia and Asphyxia in Avalanche Incidents Hypothermia coupled with asphyxia is commonly observed in victims of avalanche incidents. Typically, by the time emergency services arriv

…be considered anginal equivalents. The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured around three principal diagnostic categories: Myocardial ischaemia , particularly acute coronary syndrome…

…of decompensation and may produce abrupt pulmonary oedema, sometimes requiring non invasive ventilation or intubation. Aortic disease An acute aortic dissection is a hypertensive emergency…

…or hyperkalaemic ECG changes at any level Immediate emergency treatment, continuous ECG monitoring and early assessment of the need for dialysis ECG changes or serious…

Endokrinologi & metabolism Akutsjukvård Lathundar Emergency overview Measure the plasma glucose immediately in everyone with a reduced level of consciousness, seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour…

…without delay, in any of the following: A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and…

Emergency medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comprises a spectrum of clinical presentations caused by suspected acute myocardial ischaemia…

Emergency medicine Lathundar Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview The evaluation of acute chest discomfort requires a systematic differential diagnosis, as the syndrome…

Emergency medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Right ventricular infarction (RVI) is myocardial necrosis involving the right ventricle, most often occurring in association…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is classified according to haemodynamic status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Procedurer Definition and Pathophysiology Cardiac tamponade is a life threatening clinical syndrome in which increased intrapericardial pressure compresses the heart and impairs…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Surgery & trauma Definition and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer…

Clinical medicine Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that…

…Emergency medicine Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Bradycardia encompasses a spectrum of rhythm disturbances characterized by an inappropriately slow heart rate. Within the context of…

…hypertensive emergency, heart failure, and end stage renal disease, may produce elevated troponin concentrations. The probability of MI increases continuously as the absolute hs cTn…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of an emergency intubation is rarely the laryngoscopy itself but what was done before it: how well the patient was…

…Drug Clevidipine Brand names Cleviprex ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Treatment of postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Ultra short acting calcium channel blocker (CCB…

…with alpha blockade is necessary before administering labetalol (risk of elevating blood pressure in these settings). Labetalol doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis/emergency).

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar About this quick reference This is a practical quick reference for emergency physicians in suspected acute ischaemic stroke. It covers time windows…

…Fenoldopam Drug Fenoldopam Brand names Corlopam ® Indications Short term management of hypertension, including hypertensive emergency. Mechanism of action • Systemic Dopamine 1 (D1) receptor agonist…

…names Brevibloc ® Indications Short term control of ventricular rate (including perioperative tachycardia) and hypertension (including hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism of action • Relatively cardioselective …

CPR Post resuscitation care Victims of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who achieve ROSC in the emergency room (ER) are transferred to the intensive…

…abscess sits somewhere that makes incision in the emergency department the wrong move — in the hand, in the medial triangle of the face or perianally…

…age of three account for the majority of cases, and the great majority of objects can be removed in general practice or in the emergency…

…onset, prolonged duration of effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute…

…Education for individuals with diabetes. Rebel EM Rebel EM is a high quality emergency medicine blog covering a myriad of topics, primarily focusing on evidence…

…pain is one of the most common symptoms in the emergency department, as well as in primary health care. The cause (etiology) of chest pain…

…chain of survival EARLY RECOGNITION OF CARDIAC ARREST If no medical professional is nearby, bystanders must respond immediately by summoning help (calling the emergency dispatch…

…regimens, renal function thresholds and the division of work between the ambulance service, the emergency department and the PCI laboratory may differ between Swedish regions…