Cardiology Substance : Adenosine Brand names : Adenocor Mechanism of action Adenosine works by slowing down the impulse transmission through the atrioventricular (AV) node, thereby interfering with…

…the drug's pharmacological effects are produced during its first passage through the circulation. Due to this rapid clearance, adenosine must be administered as a…

…for a comparison between levosimendan, milrinone and dobutamine. Mechanisms of action Levosimendan exhibits both inotropic and vasodilatory effects. The drug exerts its effects through three…

…IV amiodarone is administered as an initial dose of 15 mg/min for 10 minutes. This is followed by a slower infusion of 1 mg…

…If the patient is intubated, administer activated charcoal through a gastric tube at a dose of 0.5 g/kg. Refrain from using activated charcoal…

…Common therapeutic dose: 4 6 mg/h. Clevidipine is administered in lipid emulsion (containing soy, egg), of which the maximum dose per 24 hours is…

…Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a…

…Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a…

…bleeding risk. Discontinuation of Ticagrelor should be avoided. If a dose is missed, only one tablet should be taken at the next regular time. Use…

…on the specific drug and dosage [1]. Acute Management and Treatment Alternatives The management of TdP and related malignant ventricular arrhythmias requires a structured approach…

…acute ACS, aspirin should be administered as soon as possible in the absence of contraindications, using a loading dose followed by maintenance treatment. The source…

…maximum dose: 3 μg/kg/minute. Maximum dose (10 μg/kg/minute) should never be used for mor than 10 minutes. Administer sodium…

…a foreign body is an important differential). Treatment of anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest Administer CPR as per guidelines. Most patients require an immediate intravenous dose…

…Do not administer to patients with a history of asthma, rhinitis, or urticaria triggered by: Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). Other non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs…

…bradycardia mild Tigan TRIMETHOBENZAMIDE HYDROCHLORIDE Trimethobenzamide Hydrochloride NA no no BICILLIN L A PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE PENICILLIN G BENZATHINE Arrhythmia ar less Cardiac arrest severe…

…to restenosis caused principally by neointimal hyperplasia. Contemporary DES combine a metallic scaffold, a polymeric or polymer free drug delivery system, and an antiproliferative agent…

…Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for drug induced arrhythmias in patients receiving agents known to alter the electrical properties of the heart…

…more than one pathophysiological pathway, combinations generally lower blood pressure more effectively than simply increasing the dose of a single drug. They may also permit…

…Dose: 75 μg daily increased as required to up to 900 μg/day. Transdermal (one patch lasts for a week): • Catapress TTS 1…

Esmolol Drug Esmolol Brand names Brevibloc ® Indications Short term control of ventricular rate (including perioperative tachycardia) and hypertension (including hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism…

Fenoldopam Drug Fenoldopam Brand names Corlopam ® Indications Short term management of hypertension, including hypertensive emergency. Mechanism of action • Systemic Dopamine 1 (D1) receptor agonist…

…minutes Duration of action 2 to 4 hours Delivery IV Dose Can be given as repeated intravenous bolus injections or as a constant dose infusion…

Metoprolol Drug Metoprolol Brand names Dutoprol ®, Kapspargo ®, Lopressor ®, Lopressor Hct ®, Toprol ®, Seloken ® Indications Mycoardial ischemia. Perioperative hypertension. Mechanism of…

…Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a…

Phentolamine Drug Phentolamine Brand names Oraverse ®, Rogitine ® Indications Hypertensive crisis. Mechanism of action Phentolamine is a non selective alpha adrenergic blocker. Phentolamine reduces…

Procedurer Oxygen is a drug and must be prescribed as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation…

…Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is an antiplatelet drug that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase and thereby suppresses thromboxane A2 synthesis. Thromboxane A2 promotes vasoconstriction and platelet aggregation…

…hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ® Mechanism of action • Induces arteriolar vasodilation…

…tolerance and require higher doses, alternatively nitroprusside to achieve desirable blood pressure lowring effect. Drug Nitroglycerin Brand names Gonitro ®, Minitran ®, Mylan nitro ®…

…and drug concentration Gentamicin and other aminoglycosides A single dose initially. If treatment is continued, dosing is guided by drug concentration measurement. At a creatinine…

…which dose, how long to interrupt treatment before a procedure, and how to reverse in bleeding. Doses in atrial fibrillation Drug Standard dose Reduced dose…

…Management : : Fasting before an investigation, type 1 Continue basal insulin, often at a somewhat reduced dose. Withhold mealtime insulin. Monitor the glucose closely Fasting before…

…effect, and significant individual variations in its effect. Drug Enalaprilat Brand names Vasotec IV ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Acute left ventricular failure. Mechanism…

…catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of vasopressors and inotropes Inotropes and vasopressors. Table 1. Drug manual for inotropes and vasopressors Drug Indications Dose α1…

Info A comprehensive list of conditions and drugs that may prolong the QT interval, and cause torsade de pointes (TdP) and long QT syndrome (LQTS…

…antianginal drugs have not been shown to improve long term cardiovascular outcomes in CCS. General strategy For most patients, initial therapy consists of a beta…

…external constriction that characterizes restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The biological response therefore occurs primarily through intimal thickening. DES release antiproliferative and anti inflammatory agents from…

…clearance must be assessed prior to initiation and monitored continuously during therapy. Hypokalemia is a significant risk factor for drug induced torsades de pointes; therefore…

…catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of vasopressors and inotropes Inotropes and vasopressors. Table 1. Drug manual for inotropes and vasopressors Drug Indications Dose α1…

…or recurrent pain [1,3,4]. This quick reference gives internationally established doses. Drug availability, thrombolysis regimens, renal function thresholds and the division of work…

…cerebellar or brainstem infarction, haemorrhage, drug toxicity, demyelination HINTS plus by a trained examiner if nystagmus is present, neurological examination, gait and truncal stability Acute…

…part via NMDA receptors. With prolonged alcohol exposure the nervous system adapts through reduced GABA mediated inhibition and increased glutamatergic activity. When the alcohol level…

…adverse drug effects. Wide variability between measurements. Hypertension in pregnancy. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or adapt in atrial fibrillation with a rapid…

…during anaesthesia, a drug infusion or the administration of contrast medium Skin symptoms are absent in approximately 10 to 20 percent of anaphylactic reactions. The…

…index 15–19 kg/m² 17–22 kg/m² Ideal and dosing weight Drug dosing often requires a weight other than the actual body weight…

…patient. Rate control in the stable patient Drug Situation Comment : : : Beta blocker (metoprolol) First choice in most cases The IV dose is titrated slowly. Caution…

…work systematically through the possible causes, apply several non pharmacological measures at the same time, and use drugs only in severe agitation or marked distress…

…drugs — 100–150 J biphasic in an adult, 1 J/kg in a child (2 J/kg at the second attempt). Vasoactive infusions Drug Dose…

…The evidence that any particular intravenous drug improves mortality or long term functional outcome is limited. A Cochrane review found insufficient randomised evidence to determine…

…can affect the blood pressure in several ways. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can cause a hypertensive crisis through interactions, while venlafaxine and higher doses of bupropion…

…the rule after a rapid fall in blood pressure. Drug Indications Dosing α1 β1 β2 D1/D2 Effect Adverse effects : : : : : : : : : : : : : Dopamine — low dose Rarely used…

…Go through the medication and any herbal preparations carefully — drug induced liver injury is the commonest cause of acute liver failure in the Nordic countries…

…according to local practice. Enteral nutrition and drug administration when the patient cannot swallow safely, for example after a stroke. Sampling of gastric contents and…

…accepts all drugs, fluids and blood products that can be given intravenously , at the same dose. Blood samples can be taken at insertion; a blood…

…coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia Relative Ongoing anticoagulant treatment — plan the aspiration for the trough level or pause the drug according to local practice Relative Skin infection…

…an independent risk marker for both kidney failure and cardiovascular death — a patient with an eGFR of 70 and A3 is at higher risk than…

…10 to 20 minutes at the latest Give a full loading dose of an intravenous antiseizure drug If the seizure continues after adequate step 1…

…selectively according to the drug, the last dose, the renal function and the severity of the bleeding 7 Manage antiplatelet drugs according to their indication…

…the same time each day, usually in the evening so that a dose change can reach the patient the same day the result arrives. 3…

…ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score is a clinical tool designed to estimate the risk of major bleeding in patients…