…cord ends at T12–L1, so these levels encounter only the roots of the cauda equina. If in doubt: choose a level lower, never higher…

…first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner there than on the right, and…

…and always urgent. A large pericardial effusion with symptoms despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical…

…animal model of haemorrhageinduced traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2019; 140:37 42. Endo A, Kojima M, Hong ZJ, Otomo Y, Coimbra R. Open chest versus…

…triangle of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers, tendon sheaths…

…which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : : Acute paronychia with fluctuance or visible pus Incision and drainage Acute paronychia without pus formation…

…close to the upper border of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and the drainage is stopped for coughing…

…animal model of haemorrhageinduced traumatic cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2019; 140:37 42. Endo A, Kojima M, Hong ZJ, Otomo Y, Coimbra R. Open chest versus…

…equipment A laryngeal mask of the correct size plus one size above and one below. Second generation masks with a separate drainage channel (i gel…

…impairment or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient. Perioperatively and postoperatively in longer procedures…