…bladder and is rarely used in large volume ascites. Diagnostic paracentesis 1. Scan the left lower quadrant. Confirm at least 2–3 cm of free…

…close to the upper border of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and the drainage is stopped for coughing…

…roots of the cauda equina. If in doubt: choose a level lower, never higher. 3. Mark the puncture site, clean in wide circles and apply…

…lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers, tendon sheaths Deep compartments and tendon sheaths, loss of function Orthopaedic…

…it as an open fracture. The anatomy of the nail apparatus The terminology is hard to follow without a picture, and several of the steps…

…the only absolute indication, and always urgent. A large pericardial effusion with symptoms despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy…

…et al. Epidemiology and outcome of adult out of hospital cardiac arrest of non cardiac origin in Osaka: a population based study. BMJ Open 2014;…

…is because it does not ensure complete drainage of the pericardium, and needles or catheters are at risk of bending or damage during chest compressions…

…Preparation and equipment A laryngeal mask of the correct size plus one size above and one below. Second generation masks with a separate drainage channel…

…catheter is not easier to pass. With a difficult passage it is the shape of the tip and the technique that matter, not the calibre…