…renal failure or simply deterioration. The procedure itself is straightforward: ultrasound to find the fluid, an insertion site in the left lower quadrant lateral to…

…spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : : Acute paronychia with fluctuance or visible pus Incision and drainage Acute…

…liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and to the left

…either via the subxiphoid or apical window, is generally considered less effective than thoracotomy. This is because it does not ensure complete drainage of the…

…appropriate specialty: Location Risk Management : : : Medial triangle of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT…

…border of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and the drainage is stopped for coughing, chest pain, or when…

…Diagnosis of a tension pneumothorax can be made via auscultation, where asymmetric lung sounds are noted, specifically with an absence of sounds on the affected…

…of aspiration: a non fasted patient, ileus, third trimester pregnancy, marked reflux. A need for high airway pressures, for example severe ARDS, marked obesity or…

…Contraindications Clinical signs of herniation — deep unconsciousness with unreactive pupils, an altered breathing pattern, a rising blood pressure with bradycardia. A known or suspected intracranial…

…Instillation therapy and contrast studies of the urinary tract. Wound healing with a sacral pressure sore or extensive perineal wounds where urinary leakage prevents healing…