…absolute indication, and always urgent. A large pericardial effusion with symptoms despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is…

…either via the subxiphoid or apical window, is generally considered less effective than thoracotomy. This is because it does not ensure complete drainage of the…

…used in large volume ascites. Diagnostic paracentesis 1. Scan the left lower quadrant. Confirm at least 2–3 cm of free fluid depth with no…

…Take a culture from the wall of the cavity before irrigating. 5. Let the pus drain out. Empty it with gentle pressure around the cavity…

…spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : : Acute paronychia with fluctuance or visible pus Incision and drainage Acute…

…symptomatic or large pneumothorax, recurrent malignant effusion (often combined with pleurodesis), and in chest trauma and postoperatively. Emergency needle decompression: a clinical suspicion of tension…

…a needle due to reduced risk of injury. Thoracostomy should be performed promptly following needle decompression. Thoracostomy with drainage typically serves as a stabilizing intervention…

…equipment A laryngeal mask of the correct size plus one size above and one below. Second generation masks with a separate drainage channel (i gel…

…intracranial hypertension. Therapeutic drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in assessment before shunt surgery. Contraindications Clinical signs of herniation — deep unconsciousness with unreactive pupils, an…

…retention. Chronic urinary retention with renal impairment or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient…