…is inserted close to the upper border of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and the drainage is stopped…

…for an incompletely performed drainage. Procedure 1. Locate the centre of the fluctuance, preferably with ultrasound if available. Mark the direction of the incision. 2…

…one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side, with the needle tip directed volarly until…

…liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and to the left

…equipment A laryngeal mask of the correct size plus one size above and one below. Second generation masks with a separate drainage channel (i gel…

…intracranial hypertension. Therapeutic drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in assessment before shunt surgery. Contraindications Clinical signs of herniation — deep unconsciousness with unreactive pupils, an…

…paracentesis 1. Scan the left lower quadrant. Confirm at least 2–3 cm of free fluid depth with no bowel in the path of the…

…tip A larger catheter is not easier to pass. With a difficult passage it is the shape of the tip and the technique that matter…

…injuries to the mediastinum can cause tamponade. Post operative Complications : Post surgical complications following thoracic procedures can cause tamponade. Tamponade with swinging heart of the…

…than using a needle due to reduced risk of injury. Thoracostomy should be performed promptly following needle decompression. Thoracostomy with drainage typically serves as a…