…classification Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy comprise chronic or pre existing hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. Collectively, they affect approximately 5–15% of pregnancies worldwide and…

…in a cardiac arrest. For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy, or when the fundal height surpasses the umbilicus, the uterus should be…

…Pregnancy, gestational week and recent delivery. Pre eclampsia can present postpartum. Known hypertension and current antihypertensive treatment. Missed doses or abrupt withdrawal of a beta…

…transferred to such centers. Post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) Post cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS) emerges after ROSC or initiation of ECMO. The syndrome was first…

…insufficiency in pituitary disease, after pituitary surgery or radiotherapy, or with suspected suppression of the HPA axis after long term glucocorticoid treatment. A basal morning…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Dietary patterns are the overall combinations of foods habitually consumed rather than isolated nutrients considered independently. For cardiometabolic health…

…The timing of VSR, free wall rupture, and papillary muscle rupture is characteristically bimodal. Events may occur within the first 24 hours or around days…

…documented but increase the risk of skin and fat atrophy. Lederspan states in addition that the dosing interval should not be shorter than four weeks …

…fewer than 1% of AMI cases and is seen predominantly after larger infarctions and/or delayed reperfusion. Its typical onset is 1–2 weeks after…

…percentile is less than a few nanograms per liter of blood (typically <5 ng/L). This is explained by the low turnover of cardiac muscle…

…have some kind of damage, change or degeneration. Endocarditis with alpha streptococcus is most often subacute and can develop gradually over several days to weeks…

…VA score of 0–1. Check what applies in your own region. Duration above the threshold or unknown: at least three weeks of adequate anticoagulation…

…within 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of ACE inhibitors, especially in patients with preexisting azotemia, hypotension, hyponatremia, diabetes mellitus, or in those taking potassium…

…infectious diseases physician early in a high risk course, in instability, with resistance problems, or with suspected fungal infection 10 Document the times of triag

…should be distinguished from severe muscle injury. Myopathy is characterized by muscle symptoms accompanied by CK greater than 10 times the upper limit of no

…by the frequency of symptoms: Symptom interval Method : : Daily 24 hour Holter A few times per week 48–72 hour Holter or 7 day recording…

…hours or unknown duration An anticoagulant for at least 3 weeks before cardioversion, or alternatively transoesophageal echocardiography to exclude thrombus After cardioversion, irrespective of duration…

…may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement. Absolute: ABI < 0.5 or toe pressure < 30…

…Duration of treatment: at least 3 months. Extended treatment in unprovoked pulmonary embolism, a persisting risk factor, or recurrence. Special situations Situation Comment : : Pregnancy Leg…

…at 2 6 weeks intervals, or more frequently, as individually appropriate. 3 Important study: Milrinone as Compared with Dobutamine in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock…

…apply to the anti inflammatory effect. They say nothing about the mineralocorticoid effect or about suppression of the HPA axis, where a long half life…

…3. Instil 10–20 mL of lidocaine gel into the urethra. Pinch the meatus closed and wait at least 3–5 minutes — the anaesthetic and…

…days as necessary. Supplemental infusions of 150 mg over 10 minutes can be utilized for breakthrough ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). IV infusions…

…shorter DAPT regimens are used. BMS now account for less than 10% of contemporary PCI procedures according to the source material. First generation DES The…

…or physical reactions (radiation therapy), frequently involves the conduction system. In these conditions, involvement of the AVN and the conduction system occurs more often than…

…chapters, to which links are provided throughout the text. Heart rate During the first week of life, the heart rate is approximately 120 beats/min…

…interchangeable nozzles, or a cryoprobe for contact technique. Cotton buds for small lesions (these give a more superficial and less controllable depth of freeze). A…

…Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, a half life of several days and more than a hundred clinically relevant interactions. What determines whether the treatment…

…and prescribed using the components of: Frequency Intensity Time or duration Type Progression The prescription should be individualized rather than based solely on an age…

…in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable. The benefit of its administration in these patients should be…

…burden of nonviable or scarred myocardium is associated with less improvement in LVEF. Nevertheless, improvement in LVEF is not the only possible objective of revascularization…

…can occur at any stage of pregnancy or after delivery, although more than 70% of cases occur early postpartum, most frequently during the first week…

…of the cast Padding The wadding that protects the skin and the bony prominences Plaster bandages and plaster slabs (calcium sulfate) Mouldable, cheap, heavier, less…

…difficult. In patients with normal renal function, the occurrence of contrast induced AKI is negligible or very low. Risk rises substantially with chronic kidney disease…

…Treatment • No prior treatment, low dose, or low intensity lipid lowering therapy: • Start high potency, high dose statin therapy (Class I recommendation). • Immediate combination with…