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Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…thickness unmeasurable and staging therefore impossible; a superficial punch in a case of bullous dermatosis misses the subepidermal split. Choose the technique according to the…

Arterial line

…and a warm, well perfused hand carry more weight. Choice of vessel The radial artery is the first choice : superficial, easy to compress, with a…

Wound suturing

…apart. A wound through the full thickness of the dermis, particularly over joints and in cosmetically sensitive areas. Superficial wounds with well apposed edges, abrasions…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…superficial components may detach and embolize systemically. Observational data indicate approximately a fourfold greater risk of embolic events in patients with LV thrombus than in…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…a cryoprobe for contact technique. Cotton buds for small lesions (these give a more superficial and less controllable depth of freeze). A size 15 scalpel…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation — Seidel's sign, an irregular pupil…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…injection has gone to the right place — immediate pain relief is a diagnostic finding — and appears to reduce the risk of a post injection flare…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…In patients with pericarditis complicated by constriction, symptoms and signs of right sided heart failure may predominate. Pericardial effusions associated with post infarction pericarditis are…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…exposure of thrombogenic material. Superficial plaque erosion. Thrombosis associated with a calcified nodule. Epicardial or microvascular coronary spasm. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Coronary embolism of…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…of osteomyelitis and poor healing. Check the ankle brachial index and the foot status before any procedure on a toe. Critical ischaemia. Immunosuppression. Suspicion of…

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