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Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…to the skin and rotate under even pressure until the resistance gives way — the dermis has then been passed and you are in the subcutis…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…otoscope speculum as a shield when treating near the eye or on an irregular surface. Petroleum jelly around the lesion to protect the surrounding skin…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…during anaesthesia, a drug infusion or the administration of contrast medium Skin symptoms are absent in approximately 10 to 20 percent of anaphylactic reactions. The…

Casting and immobilisation

…fold presses on a bony prominence until the skin breaks down. An acute, fresh injury is therefore immobilised in a backslab or in a split…

The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…the skin, because the tissues and fluids surrounding the heart, indeed the entire human body, act as electrical conductors. By placing electrodes on the skin…

Abscess incision and drainage

…Surgeon or mammography Sole of the foot Deep compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close to large vessels, in the groin or on the neck Bleeding, vascular injury…

Anthropometric measurements

…per cm above 152 cm. Adjusted body weight: ideal weight + 0.4 × (actual weight − ideal weight). Used for aminoglycosides and when estimating creatinine clearance in…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…followed by compression. Infection in the skin overlying the puncture site. Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow — choose the other…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…a tattoo or skin disease at the injection site. Known hypersensitivity to the preparation. Intramuscular injection in marked coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia (< 50 ×10⁹/L…

Joint aspiration

…the skin. 2. Clean and let it dry. Do not palpate the puncture site again with an unsterile hand. 3. Insert the needle in one…

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