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Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…on an irregular surface. Petroleum jelly around the lesion to protect the surrounding skin. Eye protection and gloves for the operator. Explain before treatment that…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…ulcers; everything else is supportive. But the same compression applied to a limb with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the worst case, amputation…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…for intubation. Assess ventilation, airway protection, the expected course and the possibility of rapid reversal with an antidote. Intubation is recommended for neurological, respiratory or…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…routinely . The wax has a protective function, and the commonest complication of ear syringing is that someone syringes an ear that did not need syringing…

Casting and immobilisation

…heat production — a risk of burns Document the distal neurovascular status before casting : sensation, motor function, pulses and capillary refill. Check the skin, and remove…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…the cuff over a protective dressing, or measure at the toe instead. Marked pain that prevents the patient from tolerating compression. Preparation and equipment Equipment:…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…not from the centre Include epidermis and dermis Bullous dermatosis Two biopsies: one from a fresh blister (routine), one from perilesional skin (immunofluorescence) The immunofluorescence…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…or circulation. Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline…

The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…By placing electrodes on the skin it is possible to detect these electrical currents. The electrocardiograph (ECG machine) compares, amplifies and filters the electrical potential…

Abscess incision and drainage

…disproportionately severe, a rapid course, skin discolouration, systemic upset — is an acute surgical emergency, not an abscess. Preparation and equipment No. 11 scalpel, curved haemostat…

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