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Central venous catheter

…and sterile gel. Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL for skin disinfection. Allow it to air dry completely before puncture. Maximal barrier precautions: cap, mask…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…Often painless (neuropathy) Surrounding skin Hyperpigmentation, oedema, lipodermatosclerosis, eczema Pale, hairless, atrophic, cold Dry, hyperkeratotic Pulses Palpable Weak or absent May be palpable despite ischaemia…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…of 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm. A size 15 scalpel, a double edged razor blade or a flexible shave blade. Artery forceps, toothed surgical…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…5. Hold the spray nozzle 1–2 cm from the skin , perpendicular to the surface. 6. Spray intermittently until the ice front reaches the planned…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…that can cause life threatening compromise of the airway, breathing or circulation. Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be…

Casting and immobilisation

…mould with the whole palm, never with the fingertips — fingerprints in the plaster become pressure points against the skin. 6. Fold the ends of the…

The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…these measurement points are the skin electrodes. Thus, the electrical potential difference is the difference in the electrical potential detected by two (or more) electrodes…

Abscess incision and drainage

…along the skin tension lines and make it long enough — as a rule of thumb, along the whole length of the abscess or at least…

Anthropometric measurements

…3600) m². Normal adult 1.6–2.0 m². Nutritional screening Unintentional weight loss 5 % over three months or 10 % over six months, a BMI…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…the periosteum that hurts, not the skin. Aspiration needle (iliac crest or sternal needle with stylet) and a Jamshidi type biopsy needle. Syringes: a small…

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