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Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…with a high BMI, and that the deltoid injection is placed too high — which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA. Both are avoided with…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…may be caused by myocardial ischemia. Other symptoms include dyspnea, pain radiating to the left arm/shoulder/throat, palpitations, back pain and selected cases of…

Reduction of dislocations

…afterwards whether a nerve injury was caused by the injury or by the treatment. Indications A clinically or radiologically confirmed dislocation of the shoulder, elbow…

Endotracheal intubation

…team, not in your head. Functioning suction within reach under the pillow or by the right shoulder. A reservoir mask with a tight fitting seal…

Joint aspiration

Procedurer A monoarthritis is septic until proven otherwise, and the only thing that proves otherwise is the synovial fluid. The aspiration is technically simple — what…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

Procedurer Cerumen should be removed when it causes symptoms or obscures the tympanic membrane — not routinely . The wax has a protective function, and the commonest…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…be biopsied. Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics. Areas at high risk of unsightly or hypertrophic scars: the sternum, the shoulder, the jawline, the ears. Anatomically hazardous…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…Dressler syndrome. A pericardial effusion measuring more than 10 mm at end diastole after AMI should prompt investigation for possible subacute cardiac rupture, particularly when…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…pain is usually described as pressure, squeezing, or a crushing sensation across the precordium and may radiate to the neck, shoulder, jaw, back, upper abdomen…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…select a safe disposition and diagnostic strategy. Only a minority of patients presenting with acute chest pain ultimately have ACS; reported rates are generally 5…

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