…Respiratory conditions : Tension pneumothorax Drowning Airway obstruction Hanging Pneumonia High altitude sickness Aspiration Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Bronchospasm (asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes…

…classification comprises five groups: Group 1: Pulmonary arterial hypertension Group 2: PH due to left heart disease Group 3: PH due to chronic lung disease…

…the right ventricle with echocardiography The right ventricle is relatively difficult to examine, which is due to the location of the ventricle in the thorax…

…is characterised by myocyte necrosis and troponin elevation due to mechanisms other than myocardial ischaemia. Acute myocardial injury may arise from conditions such as sepsis…

…main clinical rule Two questions determine the initial management: 1. Does the patient have severe neurological symptoms that may be due to the hyponatraemia? 2…

…resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is given irrespective of the saturation according to international guidelines are decompression sickness and sickle cell crisis…

…In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute contraindications other than the conditions in which the procedure is the wrong treatment : Aortic dissection with…

…respiratory, metabolic, musculoskeletal and psychological complications. Symptoms and conditions that should prompt assessment include: Hypertension Dyspnoea Exercise intolerance Congestive HF CAD Palpitations or suspected atrial…

…cessation of prolonged and heavy alcohol intake. The condition can develop despite a measurable or high blood alcohol concentration, particularly in patients with marked tolerance…

…quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises the order in which measures are taken and the principles that are common to all protocols…

…Pulmonary embolism and spontaneous pneumothorax may produce abrupt chest pain and respiratory distress. Aortic dissection may cause sudden severe pain, often radiating to the back…

…Hypotension and haemodynamic instability. Respiratory compromise during an ongoing crisis. Distinguish the conditions instead by temporarily withdrawing the cholinesterase inhibitor, under monitoring in a setting…

…Respiratory rate and oxygenation Evidence of systemic congestion or acute RV failure Syncope or altered clinical status Comorbid cardiopulmonary disease, active cancer, and other conditions…

…NNT) Basic life support (BLS) includes rapid recognition and treatment of life threatening conditions or injuries, including cardiac arrest, drowning, trauma, asphyxia and respiratory arrest…

…in the right atrium leads to a decrease in atrial filling. Respiratory variations in E wave velocity Under normal circumstances, intrathoracic pressure decreases during inhalation…

…treatment of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia) Acute bradycardia with hemodynamic instability Acute bradycardia with hemodynamic effects is a potentially life threatening condition and should be managed urgently…

…Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is…

…peritonitis or pancreatic ascites. Therapeutic paracentesis: Tense ascites with abdominal discomfort, early satiety or respiratory compromise. Diuretic refractory or diuretic intolerant ascites, as recurrent treatment…

…chest findings, MAP and the response to every intervention Within 60 min Contact intensive care in shock, rapidly progressive organ dysfunction, respiratory failure, impaired consciousness…

…or COPD — diagnosis and follow up. Risk groups: current or former smokers over 40 with respiratory symptoms, and occupational exposure to dust, gas or fumes…

…Signs of a serious condition Finding Significance : : Inability to speak in full sentences Marked work of breathing Use of accessory respiratory muscles or paradoxical abdominal…

…and settings Condition Method Starting pressure Escalation Oxygen target : : : : : Cardiogenic pulmonary oedema CPAP 5–7.5 cmH₂O Increase in steps of 2.5 to 10…

…rate increases during inspiration due to diminished vagal tone. And the opposite, i.e the heart rate decreases during expiration due to increased vagal tone…

…end tidal carbon dioxide, ETCO2) Capnography refers to the measurement of end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO 2 ) in the respiratory system. ETCO 2 is the…

…or unable to speak Position and behaviour Can lie down or sit Often sits leaning forward, anxious Confusion, reduced consciousness or marked stillness Respiratory rate…

…within minutes by changing ventilation. Renal compensation for a primary respiratory disturbance, by contrast, develops over hours to days [1,2]. Six steps Step Question…

…the separate quick reference for dosing in impaired renal function. Respiratory tract Diagnosis Agent Dose Duration : : : : Pneumonia, non severe (DS CRB65 0–1) phenoxymethylpenicillin 1…

…ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury…

…z score with a lower limit of normal at z = −1.64 (the fifth percentile) has been recommended in preference to fixed percentage thresholds…

…to accumulate eGFR < 30 or dialysis Oxycodone or hydromorphone ; avoid morphine Morphine has an active renally excreted metabolite that causes late sedation and respiratory…

…a history of peptic ulcer, and old age Titrate according to the effect and the respiratory rate, not to a schedule. Always prescribe a laxative…

Akutsjukvård Lathundar Basic principle Manage the patient, not the list of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG…

…tongue, and upper airway. Due to the risk of airway compromise, it represents a medical emergency. Evaluation and Physical Examination The evaluation of chronic cough…

…The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections. However…

…1 2 mg of glucagon intravenously. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of steroids and antihistamines during cardiac arrest due to anaphylaxis.

…be managed in the ICU. Post resuscitation care requires expertise and resources to diagnose, monitor and manage neurological injuries, hemodynamic and respiratory instability, multiorgan failure…

…does lead to tachypnea (increased respiratory rate), which should, however, be distinguished from dyspnea which is shortness of breath. Dyspnea may be due to poor…

…Life Support (ECLS) encompasses several extracorporeal systems designed to assist in cases of cardiac or respiratory failure by means of an extracorporeal pump and oxygenator…

…fluid throughout the respiratory cycle and where the lung does not come up against the probe on inspiration. 3. Measure the skin to pleura distance…

…at 5 minutes and be escalated without unnecessary pauses [1]. The aims are, simultaneously, to: 1. terminate clinical and electrographic seizure activity, 2. secure oxygenation…

…respiratory failure an anticipated difficult or prolonged endoscopic intervention a need for general anaesthesia for other reasons. Extubate as soon as it is safe to…

…the coronary lumen. Coronary imaging is technically demanding because the vessels are small and are subject to both cardiac and respiratory motion. Image quality is…

…Severe elevation Acute HMOD Present Absent clinically Symptoms Often present and related to the affected organ May be absent or nonspecific Treatment setting Usually hospital…

…Myocardial injury is not synonymous with myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin identifies injury to myocardial cells, but infarction requires additional clinical evidence that the injury resulted…

…and infarction Definition and conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and…

…For example, in cardiac arrest due to pulmonary embolism the initial rhythm is typically PEA, which is explained by the fact that the embolus prevents…

…the underlying cause. Hypocalcemi Hypocalcemia may arise from various causes, including acute pancreatitis, alkalosis due to hyperventilation, rhabdomyolysis (particularly the initial phase), sepsis, malignancies with…

…V1 (due to missing r wave or misplaced electrode). Lead III occasionally displays a large isolated Q wave; this is called a respiratory Q wave…

…The respiratory depth (volume) increases and this reduces the intrathoracic pressure by increasing the intrathoracic volume. Reduced intrathoracic pressure will passively suck blood back to…

…These age variations in heart rate are due to variations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system and changes in the automaticity of the…