…protocols. Children, pregnant women and patients with advanced renal failure, marked heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and early specialist involvement. DKA…

…immediately: 1. Call for help using the words massive haemorrhage , and state the patient's location and identity, the presumed cause of bleeding, and how…

…coronary circulation and may involve multiple vessels. Pregnancy associated SCAD can occur at any stage of pregnancy or after delivery, although more than 70% of…

…end organ hypoperfusion, shock states, and pulmonary congestion. In pregnant patients presenting with suspected acute heart failure, urgent hospital admission and referral to an expert…

…anxiety, or distress have transient BP elevation that improves when the precipitating state resolves. The distinction is therefore not based on the BP value alone…

…medicine Definition and pathophysiology Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide and in the United States. In the United States…

…bag mask ventilation or failed intubation — and already at the planning stage when the MACOCHA score or the LEMON assessment indicates that difficulties are likely…

…adverse drug effects. Wide variability between measurements. Hypertension in pregnancy. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or adapt in atrial fibrillation with a rapid…

…unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children, a need for an antidote or dialysis, and whenever the clinical course deviates…

…in the supine position in a cardiac arrest. For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy, or when the fundal height surpasses the umbilicus…

…applies where you work. They assume normal renal and hepatic function, a non pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual assessment. See the separate quick…

…Children, pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or other advanced immunotherapies may require separate local protocols…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and clinical classification Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy comprise chronic or pre existing hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. Collectively, they affect approximately…

…Used cautiously in patients with high intracranial pressure or azotemia. • Should not be given to pregnant women. • Should not be given to patients with Leber…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

…ischemia. Hypertension. Hypertensive emergency, including in pregnancy. Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and alpha adrenergic blocker with rapid onset of action. Labetalol…

… raised by anaemia, age and pregnancy Procalcitonin < 0.25 µg/L Supports a bacterial aetiology; used to guide antibiotic therapy Glucose and lipids Test…

…pressure can cause serious organ damage even at lower levels, particularly in pregnancy [1,2]. Malignant hypertension is not entirely synonymous with a hypertensive emergency…

…from a previously low level can cause organ damage at lower values, for example in pregnancy, acute glomerular disease or scleroderma renal crisis [1,2]…

…A normal GGT shifts the suspicion to bone, pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction…

…from them Full bladder Have the patient void, or catheterise, before puncture Pregnancy, previous extensive abdominal surgery Ultrasound guidance; choose a new site if in…

…cost, adherence, pregnancy after the first trimester under specialist care). Rheumatic mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation. In uncomplicated atrial fibrillation and in ordinary venous thromboembolism…

…family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation, planning pregnancy, uncontrolled hypertension or annual growth 3 mm. Limitations Formulas assume normal body habitus…

…Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction: Initial loading dose: 300–500 mg as soon…

…Increase as necessary. Maximum dose: 5 mg iv every six hours. Adverse effects Severe hypotension. Contraindications • Contraindicated in pregnancy, severe renal artery stenosis, severe hyperkalemia. •…

…hypercoagulability, and pregnancy are common risk factors (see Risk factors below). A significant proportion of cases with pulmonary embolism require thrombolysis to dissolve the occlusion…

…and screen and the serological crossmatch have a limited period of validity — usually about five days — because new antibodies can form after transfusion or pregnancy…

…or examination under general anaesthesia. Placenta praevia or ruptured membranes in pregnancy — a speculum may be used, but not digital examination until the position of…

…L (FEU). Check which unit and which reference system your own laboratory uses before applying it. The D dimer is raised in pregnancy, malignancy, infection…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

…Danlos syndrome Inflammatory aortitis, including Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of the aorta Previous aortic trauma Pregnancy, particularly the third…

…markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic, rare lipid, or BP disorders Pregnancy Established ASCVD includes previous acute coronary syndrome, chronic coronary syndromes, coronary revascularization…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…