…course (no more than 7 days) may be given to selected patients with an eGFR of 30 40 mL/min for lower urinary tract infection…

…with 2 nd and 98 th percentile in parenthesis. These numbers were published by Rijnbeek et al and are currently the most reliable for patients…

…with 2 nd and 98 th percentile in parenthesis. These numbers were published by Rijnbeek et al and are currently the most reliable for patients…

…IV Exacerbation of COPD with an indication for antibiotics amoxicillin 750 mg × 3 PO 5–7 days or doxycycline 200 mg × 1 on day 1…

…patients with hepatic cirrhosis — creatinine based eGFR substantially overestimates renal function. Staging of chronic kidney disease Stage eGFR Description : : : G1 ≥ 90 Normal or high G2…

…patients with high suspicion of posterior acute myocardial infarction (e.g due to reciprocal ST segment depressions in V1, V2, V3). IIa B In patients…

…older adults. It contributes to vascular injury, accelerates atherosclerosis, increases myocardial oxygen demand, and may worsen ischemia in patients with obstructive coronary disease. It is…

…risk than hypertension controlled with treatment. Reported risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, end stage renal disease, and death may be two to six fold higher…

…adult patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a prior heart attack and a high risk of developing an atherothrombotic event. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the…

…Anticoagulation Assess the risk with CHA₂DS₂ VA (the sex category has been removed from the Swedish recommendation). Score Recommendation : : 0 No anticoagulant 1 Consider an…

…Lim et al ). Approximately 90–95% of individuals with hypertension have essential hypertension , also referred to as primary hypertension . Essential hypertension is defined as hypertension…

…110/min, a systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg and a saturation < 90 per cent. An sPESI of 0 indicates low risk. Anticoagulation A…

…intravenous bolus of epinephrine (20 50 μg) or an epinephrine infusion (0.01 to 0.10 μg/kg/min). Pediatric dosage : 0.01…

…suspicion of another or an additional cause [1]. Delirium tremens most often begins after one to three days but can start earlier in patients with…

…practice the cooling device is set to a target of around 37.0–37.5 °C , that is, with a margin below the fever threshold…

…For patients with bundle branch blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. The QT interval represents the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and…

…are related to atherosclerotic disease. At least 90% of AAAs larger than 4 cm are associated with atherosclerotic pathology. AAA prevalence increases with age and…

…the maximum arterial pulsatile pressure during systole. With auscultatory measurement, it corresponds to the appearance of the first Korotkoff sound. Diastolic blood pressure: the minimum…

…49% of patients in the milrinone group and 54% in the dobutamine group, with a relative risk of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.69 to…

…relaxing vascular smooth muscle. They are contraindicated in patients with bronchospastic lung disease, or a history of significant reactive airway disease. Contraindications also include second…

…driver of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and a major cause of morbidity in patients with structural heart disease, VT necessitates a nuanced, multidisciplinary approach to…

…B evidence in patients with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg, with important exceptions for advanced age, frailty, orthostatic symptoms, and blood pressure close to target…

…older patients, patients with diabetes and anyone with dizziness Definitions White coat hypertension: a raised office reading but normal readings at home or on 24…

…penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU). Aortic dissection accounts for approximately 80%–90% of acute aortic syndromes, IMH for approximately 10%–20%, and PAU for about 5…

…the number of kringle IV type 2 repeats. Lp(a) concentration is predominantly genetically determined, with heritability estimated at approximately 85% to more than 90%…

…or progress to chronic limb threatening ischaemia (CLTI). Clinical presentation and symptoms Asymptomatic and atypical disease Fewer than half of patients with PAD have typical…

…comprising approximately 20–25% of secondary hypertension cases. Coarctation of the aorta and renovascular disease are important non endocrine causes, particularly in patients with resistant…

…conduction delays may be due to myocardial fibrosis, amyloidosis, cardiomyopathy or hypertrophy. Prognosis of nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay Patients with nonspecific intraventricular conduction delays are…

…and occurs in more than 90% of patients presenting with the syndrome. Its severity and temporal pattern vary considerably. Symptoms of systemic venous congestion include…

…estimates approached 20%, whereas contemporary trials and observational databases report approximately 5–10%. Only about 10% of patients who develop shock present with it at…

…substantially according to the clinical setting. Values obtained in the emergency department for acute dyspnoea should not be transferred directly to patients with less acute…

…according to the guideline key points Patients with renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease, irrespective of diabetes status The clearest and most consistent cardiovascular signal is…

…more than 2–3 hours. Patients with a working diagnosis of STEMI should, whenever possible, be transported directly to a hospital with 24/7 PCI…

…< 90 mmHg Suggestion of gastrointestinal hemorrhage Persistent bradycardia (< 40 beats/min) Undiagnosed systolic murmur Carotid sinus massage should be considered in patients with…

…narrow at the top. Refer to Figure 1 . Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy may instead display normalization of secondary T wave inversions (lead V5, V6…

…administering nitroglycerin to alleviate ischemic chest pain may lead to hemodynamic collapse in patients with right ventricular ischemia or infarction. Recognizing ECG signs of right…

…Right dominant system is by far the most common anatomy, occurring in 90% of all individuals. Figure 2. Coronary arteries in a right dominant system…

…expiration, with the tape horizontal and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist / hip Men 0.90…

…of hypotension, end organ hypoperfusion, shock states, and pulmonary congestion. In pregnant patients presenting with suspected acute heart failure, urgent hospital admission and referral to…

…For patients with bundle branch blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. It is recommended that the automatic (machine) calculation of the corrected QT interval…

…pressure. A value of around 0.9 to 1.0 or higher in an adult trauma patient suggests significant hypovolaemia and an increased transfusion requirement…

…of an intimal tear or flap. AAS is classified anatomically according to involvement of the ascending aorta: Stanford type A: involves the ascending aorta, with…

…In patients with right dominance the RCA supplies the atrioventricular (AV) node . In 60% of individuals, the right coronary artery gives off branches to the…

…the cause of disease, although the yield varies by cohort. A causative variant is more likely to be found in a young patient with a…

…recommended as the initial study in patients with low to moderate risk of CAD. In patients with a high to very high risk of CAD…

…notions. Pathological Q waves may resolve in up to 30% of patients with inferior infarction. The amplitude of Q waves may also diminish over time…

…the elbow is flexed to 90 degrees. The forearm is moved very slowly outwards in the horizontal plane , with pauses each time the patient tenses…

…one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation . What usually goes wrong is not that the patient gets…

…Adaptation : : ABI 0.5–0.79 Reduced compression (20–30 mmHg) under vascular surgical supervision Diabetes with neuropathy Reduced compression, closer monitoring — the patient cannot…

…natural course of STE ACS (STEMI) Figure 2 presents the entire electrocardiographic (ECG) development in STE ACS/STEMI. Note that a patient with STEMI may…

…circulation. 2. Obtain a 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes. 3. Attach defibrillator pads if the patient is unstable or at marked risk of arrhythmia…

…0.41–0.90 Peripheral arterial disease, mild to moderate Secondary prevention, walking exercise ≤ 0.40 Severe ischaemia Urgent vascular surgical assessment Exercise ABI. With…

…twice the normal level Neurological symptoms are particularly important because of the increased risk of cerebrovascular complications. Seizures in a patient with preeclampsia indicate eclampsia…

…1. Apply the tourniquet 10–15 cm proximal to the intended puncture site, let the arm hang, ask the patient to pump with the hand…

…is an uncommon cause of ventricular tachycardia, it is important to be able to differentiate these entities. The older the patient and the more significant…

…slightly caudally, parallel to the posterior surface of the patella. The shoulder The patient sits with the arm hanging relaxed and slightly internally rotated. The…

…35 cm, a 38 mm needle is required to reach the deltoid muscle. With a 25 mm needle the dose ends up subcutaneously, which gives…

…2,%) < 2.7 0.9 0.1 0.4 0.8 2.1 Table 1. Survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest due to…