…oedema, hepatic complications, renal impairment, and cerebrovascular accidents. HELLP syndrome is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy related hypertension also influences obstetric management. In…

…diabetes and obesity become increasingly prevalent after the menopausal transition. Women with type 2 diabetes also have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular complications and death…

…Clinical presentation and symptoms Obesity itself may be asymptomatic, but its clinical expression is often determined by associated cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, musculoskeletal and psychological complications…

…weight, male sex and salt intake. Population blood pressure increases in parallel with economic development and industrialization. The increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle…

…is the first choice : superficial, easy to compress, with a dual collateral supply to the hand through the palmar arches and the lowest complication rate…

…combined effects of hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and other conventional risk factors, together with diabetes specific vascular and metabolic abnormalities. Diabetes is associated with…

…with ECG may reveal atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, atrial fibrillation is too often discovered first at hospital admission due to its complications (stroke, thromboembolism, heart failure…

…the main drivers of heart failure). It is believed that the aging population, and increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and dysglycemia are propelling the heart…

…the main drivers of heart failure). It is believed that the aging population, and increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and dysglycemia are propelling the heart…

…shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood…

…Chinese and Japanese origin, lower thresholds apply: overweight from a BMI of 23 and obesity from 27.5, because cardiometabolic risk appears at a lower…

…steroids and controlled oxygen. Acute on chronic hypercapnic failure in obesity hypoventilation and neuromuscular disease. Hypercapnic failure in cardiogenic pulmonary oedema that does not improve…

…use the Semont manoeuvre or the side lying variant of the Dix–Hallpike test. Marked obesity or spinal disease that makes positioning impossible. Severe angina…

…Left atrial enlargement Low voltage QRS < 5 mm in the limb leads or < 10 mm in the chest leads Pericardial effusion, obesity, emphysema…

…ileus, third trimester pregnancy, marked reflux. A need for high airway pressures, for example severe ARDS, marked obesity or a stiff chest wall. Glottic or…

…estimate of atherogenic cholesterol than LDL C alone. It is particularly informative when triglyceride rich lipoproteins are increased, as commonly occurs with obesity, diabetes, prediabetes…

…Chronic heart failure evaluation should therefore seek reversible or treatable causes. The source material identifies coronary disease, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, valvular disease, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, arrhythmias…

…hypertension, dyslipidaemia, obesity, smoking and increasing age are common risk factors for CKD and CVD. Hypertension and renal disease are bidirectionally related: hypertension accelerates CKD…

…populations, reflecting differences in fat distribution and ethnicity. Abdominal obesity is a major driving force. Visceral adipose tissue is metabolically active and produces proinflammatory mediators…

…HFREF ). Diastolic heart failure is particularly common among people with diabetes, hypertension, overweight/obesity, and the elderly ( Pieske et al ). Figure 1. Myocardial motion during…

…up of unexplained iron, B12 or folate deficiency when blood tests are insufficient. Contraindications Severe coagulopathy or ongoing anticoagulation — correct this first . Thrombocytopenia, by contrast…

…the equipment are in order, and whether there is an explicit plan for what happens when the first attempt fails. Desaturation and unrecognised oesophageal intubation…

…parameters Spirometry Parameter Meaning : : FEV₁ Forced expiratory volume in the first second FVC Forced vital capacity FEV₁/FVC The ratio that defines obstruction PEF Peak…

…2.5–5 mg Oxycodone PO 5–10 mg as needed The first choice among the common opioids in renal failure Ketobemidone IV 2.5…

…headache. High flow oxygen on a reservoir mask is the first line treatment during an attack and aborts most attacks within 15–20 minutes. An…

…Consequently, obesity is only one pathway through which diet affects cardiovascular health; dietary changes can improve cardiometabolic risk factors within 6–8 weeks even without…

…in the preserved and mildly reduced EF ranges, and obesity is increasingly recognised as a potential contributor. Coronary artery disease is particularly relevant in HFmrEF…

…than a single pathophysiologic entity. Hypertension and diabetes contribute to its development, and obesity is increasingly recognized as an important contributor. Older age, female sex…

…in this population. Obesity is associated with lower than expected BNP and NT proBNP concentrations despite comparable or greater ventricular wall stress, probably because of…

…particularly in patients with: Diabetes or other cardiometabolic risk factors Obesity Insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome Elevated triglycerides Low or apparently well controlled LDL C…

…high non HDL cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, abdominal obesity, and diabetes. Behavioural factors also make a substantial contribution to all cause mortality, while low educational attainment…

…dissection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax). Hypertension. Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes. Psychosocial stress. Alcohol abuse. Physical inactivity. Unhealthy diet. Cerebral / peripheral vascular disease. Cancer…

…systemic inflammation [7] . The dominant risk factors for HFpEF include hypertension (present in 80% of cases), obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease (CKD…

…of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome [58] . Hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD) remain the most potent population attributable risk factors. Furthermore, the "obesity…

…hypercoagulability, and pregnancy are common risk factors (see Risk factors below). A significant proportion of cases with pulmonary embolism require thrombolysis to dissolve the occlusion…