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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…a reduced level of consciousness with inadequate protective reflexes active major haematemesis severe agitation respiratory failure an anticipated difficult or prolonged endoscopic intervention a need…

Clinical application of ECG in chest pain & acute myocardial infarction

…palpitations, back pain and selected cases of upper abdominal pain. An ECG recording costs approximately $10 (10€) and may reduce morbidity and mortality substantially in…

Reduction of dislocations

…preferably allowing the prone position. Monitoring: pulse oximetry, blood pressure, ECG and capnography during sedation, with oxygen and a bag available. Drugs for procedural sedation…

Arterial Hypertension: Definition, Diagnosis and Out-of-Office Measurement

…category of elevated blood pressure, defined as office SBP 120–139 mmHg or DBP 70–89 mmHg. This distinction supports a risk based approach because…

Endotracheal intubation

…oxygenation despite maximal oxygen or non invasive ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with…

Urinary alkalinisation

…Heart failure, pulmonary oedema and other conditions with a high risk of fluid overload — a relative contraindication requiring invasive monitoring and slower administration. Significant metabolic…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…work of breathing — the strongest indication, with a rapid effect on dyspnoea and oxygenation. Atelectasis and postoperative hypoxaemia. Hypoxaemic failure where high flow nasal oxygen…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…ECG Initial hs cTn measurement Continuous cardiac monitoring The source material does not provide a detailed list of physical examination findings or a specific examination…

Antibiotic dosing in renal impairment: quick reference

…only for C. difficile) is likewise dosed independently of renal function. Require drug concentration monitoring Drug Comment : : Vancomycin (intravenous) Loading dose by weight, maintenance dose…

Epidemiological aspects of cardiac arrest

…explain the marked differences in characteristics and outcomes across the data sources for out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and in hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA…

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