…A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient. Perioperatively and postoperatively in longer procedures and with epidural anaesthesia. Bladder washout…

…insect in the ear canal. A 30–60 mL syringe with a soft catheter and body temperature water for irrigation. Small children need help to…

…Diabetes, immunosuppression A risk of necrotising otitis externa Anticoagulant treatment Bleeding into the ear canal Previous radiotherapy to the head and neck Fragile skin, poor…

…cavity with a no. 11 scalpel until pus appears. Take a culture from the wall of the cavity before irrigating. 5. Let the pus drain…

…A low speed rust ring burr if one is available. Sterile saline with a syringe for irrigation. An eye shield (never a pressure dressing when…

…usually visible on plain films. Irrigation fluid: a copious volume of drinking quality tap water or sodium chloride 9 mg/mL. The volume matters more…

…cannot swallow safely, for example after a stroke. Sampling of gastric contents and evacuation in poisoning (see the separate text on gastric lavage). The tube…