…or a need for repeated calcium treatment. Urgent investigations As a rule, take: Plasma potassium as a central laboratory sample. A blood gas with pH…

…markedly raised blood pressure without acute organ damage should as a rule not be lowered rapidly with intravenous drugs. Restart or optimise oral treatment and…

…s phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans. An arm with an AV fistula or with planned vascular access for dialysis. Previous vascular surgery in the area. Coagulopathy and…

…Potassium replacement is not the management of a side effect; it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising…

…PEF or FEV1 if the patient can manage it without delaying treatment. 10. Call anaesthetics and intensive care early with life threatening features or an…

…acetate) with a drawstring, absorbable alternatives (oxidised cellulose, a gelatin–thrombin matrix), a balloon catheter, or petroleum jelly impregnated ribbon gauze. Antibiotic ointment (for example…

…3. Stretch the skin with the thumb and index finger, or compress the muscle in a slim patient. 4. Insert the needle perpendicularly , quickly and…

…patient sits with the arm hanging relaxed and slightly internally rotated. The posterior approach is preferable: it passes through muscle without major vessels or nerves…

…procedure, or over a few days at home for a hard plug. Have the patient lie with the ear uppermost for 5 minutes after instillation…

…tetracosactide or ACTH. Marked atopic disease, particularly severe asthma and a history of anaphylaxis — a relative contraindication; the test is then performed with preparedness for…

…recommend for or against active cooling to 32–36 °C. The HYPERION result means that active hypothermia is still used in some units with a…

…indication and contraindications, attach ECG monitoring and insert a venous cannula. 2. Document the baseline status of the chosen finding — measurement, photograph or video. 3…

…diagnosis or for grading. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, inhaled bronchodilators and nebulised adrenaline never replace intramuscular adrenaline [1,2]. Delayed administration of adrenaline is associated with more…

…oil or lidocaine to kill an insect in the ear canal. A 30–60 mL syringe with a soft catheter and body temperature water for…

…of inert cholesterol debris, modern vascular biology has redefined atherosclerosis as a dynamic, immune mediated fibroproliferative response to endothelial injury [2] . The process initiates with…

…an immediate intravenous dose of 1 mg epinephrine . For anaphylaxis without cardiac arrest: Administer 0.5 mg epinephrine intramuscularly in the anterolateral thigh. If ineffective…

…with a short half life (2 minutes), causing minimal radiation exposure. It is metabolically inert and diffuses freely across cell membranes, allowing for precise quantification…

…ventricles without any delay. Hence, the ventricle will be excited (depolarized) earlier than expected, which is referred to as pre excitation . This manifests with three…