…becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring operative treatment …

…all directions; pain on upward gaze may suggest an orbital floor fracture. 4. Topical anaesthesia into the lower fornix. 5. Evert the upper eyelid. Ask…

…dislodgement, lead fracture or inadequate myocardial contact. It may also be due to the low amplitude (voltage) of the potentials generated by activated myocardium. Functional…

…as an open fracture. The anatomy of the nail apparatus The terminology is hard to follow without a picture, and several of the steps below…

…dislocation. Immobilisation of a ligament injury, a tendon injury, or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture…

…medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with…

…stricture or a known diverticulum Relative Recent nasal or pharyngeal surgery Signs that should raise the suspicion of a base of skull fracture: periorbital bruising…

…major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and the simultaneous delivery of red cells, plasma and platelets. Observational data from…

…The contralateral side of the septum already cauterised — bilateral cautery carries a risk of perforation Anterior packing: Suspected base of skull fracture or a significant…

…is given. The serious incidents almost always arise when the principle of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a…