…there is suspicion of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open the…

…of skull fracture or a marked midfacial fracture — the tube can pass through a fracture in the cribriform plate into the cranium Absolute Corrosive injury…

…The contralateral side of the septum already cauterised — bilateral cautery carries a risk of perforation Anterior packing: Suspected base of skull fracture or a significant…

…surgery of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Marked nausea, anxiety or communication difficulties that prevent the patient from cooperating. Suspected base of skull fracture or…

…may be due to lead dislodgement, lead fracture or inadequate myocardial contact. It may also be due to the low amplitude (voltage) of the potentials…

…becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring operative treatment …

…of the distal phalanx with a subungual haematoma — manage it as an open fracture. The anatomy of the nail apparatus The terminology is hard to…

…immediately. Indications An undisplaced or reduced fracture to be treated conservatively. Immobilisation after reduction of a dislocation. Immobilisation of a ligament injury, a tendon injury…

…access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured, or a major injury proximal to the puncture site. A…

…The combination of physiology, rate of bleeding, the pattern of injury or disease, the response to initial treatment and the expected continued bleeding matters more…