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Casting and immobilisation

…protects against the edges of the cast Padding The wadding that protects the skin and the bony prominences Plaster bandages and plaster slabs (calcium sulfate…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…still. A deeply embedded body reaching the stroma or deeper. The absence of a slit lamp — the cornea should not be instrumented without magnification. With…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…swelling. A vein suspected of thrombosis or previously thrombophlebitic. Intraosseous access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…dislodgement, lead fracture or inadequate myocardial contact. It may also be due to the low amplitude (voltage) of the potentials generated by activated myocardium. Functional…

Reduction of dislocations

…patient resists internal rotation. Check the axillary nerve: sensation over the lateral part of the deltoid before and after the reduction , together with the distal…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…that produces new nail. Its visible distal part is the lunula. The matrix horns are the lateral extensions of the matrix, reaching out to the…

Nasogastric tube

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and the simultaneous delivery of red cells, plasma and platelets. Observational data from…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…is given. The serious incidents almost always arise when the principle of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a…

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