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Casting and immobilisation

…dislocation. Immobilisation of a ligament injury, a tendon injury, or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…is the lunula. The matrix horns are the lateral extensions of the matrix, reaching out to the sides beneath the nail folds. It is these…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…boot), or a class 2–3 compression stocking. Tape measure for ankle circumference — this governs the choice of material and bandaging technique. Procedure Assessment 1…

Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…dislodgement, lead fracture or inadequate myocardial contact. It may also be due to the low amplitude (voltage) of the potentials generated by activated myocardium. Functional…

Reduction of dislocations

…becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring operative treatment …

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…swelling. A vein suspected of thrombosis or previously thrombophlebitic. Intraosseous access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured…

Nasogastric tube

…stricture or a known diverticulum Relative Recent nasal or pharyngeal surgery Signs that should raise the suspicion of a base of skull fracture: periorbital bruising…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and the simultaneous delivery of red cells, plasma and platelets. Observational data from…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Relative The contralateral side of the septum already cauterised — bilateral cautery carries a risk of perforation Anterior packing: Suspected base of skull fracture or a…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…is given. The serious incidents almost always arise when the principle of titration is abandoned — when a fixed dose is given without assessment, when a…

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