…it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising serum concentration. Alkalinisation increases renal elimination several fold and at…

…better maintenance of sinus rhythm in cohort studies. Obesity, reduced exercise capacity, hypertension and dyslipidaemia commonly coexist and should be considered part of the clinical…

…hallucinations More easily detected, but accounts for a minority of cases Hypoactive Lethargy, slow responses, reduced speech, immobility, poor food intake, reduced eye contact Common…

…be administered with or without food. For patients who cannot swallow the tablets whole, they can be crushed, mixed in half a glass of water…

…the bleeding risk of the procedure and by renal function. In markedly reduced renal function (dabigatran at eGFR <30 mL/min, the other DOACs at…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Pathophysiology Dietary patterns are the overall combinations of foods habitually consumed rather than isolated nutrients considered independently. For cardiometabolic health…

…after a meal because food intake redistributes blood to the gastrointestinal tract which reduces blood availability in the heart. Symptoms of ischemic heart disease are…

…BMI < 20 in people under 70 years or < 22 above 70 years, and reduced food intake together form the basis of most screening…

…the blood pressure in several ways. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors can cause a hypertensive crisis through interactions, while venlafaxine and higher doses of bupropion, among others…

…numbness of the foot and toes. Pain that is worse at night or when the limb is horizontal. Improvement when the leg is placed in…

…Dipyridamole, Regadenoson : Should be avoided in patients with active bronchospasm, severe hypotension, or high degree AV block. Caffeine and other methylxanthines, which antagonize adenosine receptors…

…with treatment. Reported risks of myocardial infarction, stroke, end stage renal disease, and death may be two to six fold higher in affected adults. True…

…the signal is sought on the dorsum of the foot lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon. Measure in the same way as on the…

…Surgeon or mammography Sole of the foot Deep compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close to large vessels, in the groin or on the neck Bleeding, vascular injury…

…closer monitoring — the patient cannot feel pressure injury Peripheral neuropathy of other cause As above Severe pain Titrate the pressure up gradually Rheumatoid arthritis with…

…prevention of thromboembolic complications, particularly stroke. In untreated AF, stroke risk is increased approximately five fold, and AF is associated with roughly one in five…

…intervention (PCI). Contraindications Prasugrel should not be used in the following situations: Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any of the excipients. Active pathological bleeding…

…Metformin Stop in acute kidney injury, hypoxia, shock, before contrast studies and before surgery. A risk of lactic acidosis SGLT2 inhibitor Stop in acute illness…

…manifestations of anaphylaxis Nervousness, anxiety. Dermatological: Pruritus Urticaria Respiratory: Dyspnea Bronchospasm, stridor, wheezing Hypoxia Life threatening edema involving the lips, tongue, and uvula causing airway…

…one of the following: airway compromise respiratory compromise circulatory compromise severe gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly after exposure to a drug, insect venom or another non food…

…to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than the general population. The evidence for premature atherosclerosis is particularly strong in RA…

…and T) has been validated. The risk of interference with antibodies in the blood is higher for troponin I (cTnI). Antibody interference is a rare…

…fold, and is the only tissue that produces new nail. Its visible distal part is the lunula. The matrix horns are the lateral extensions of…

…a fold presses on a bony prominence until the skin breaks down. An acute, fresh injury is therefore immobilised in a backslab or in a…

Procedurer The single most important step in any eye injury is to measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second…

…contrast agents, and accurately identifies abdominal aortic enlargement. Screening reduces aneurysm related mortality in populations with a high prevalence of AAA, particularly older male smoke

…drug induced arrhythmias in patients receiving agents known to alter the electrical properties of the heart (inducing QRS or QT prolongation) or causing electrolyte abnormalities…