…Diabetes mellitus Untreated edge dissection Components and mechanisms of DES A conventional durable polymer DES consists of: A balloon expandable metallic scaffold A durable or…

…into ventricular fibrillation (VF). Proarrhythmia, defined as a drug induced or drug exacerbated cardiac arrhythmia, constitutes a major clinical problem. It can manifest as an…

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Therapeutic Rationale Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and contributes to microvascular and macrovascular complications. It…

Clevidipine Drug Clevidipine Brand names Cleviprex ® Indications Hypertension and hypertensive emergency. Treatment of postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Ultra short acting calcium channel blocker…

Fenoldopam Drug Fenoldopam Brand names Corlopam ® Indications Short term management of hypertension, including hypertensive emergency. Mechanism of action • Systemic Dopamine 1 (D1) receptor agonist…

Info This drug manual is provided for use in patients with hypertensive emergency (also referred to as hypertensive crisis or malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is…

…inflammatory drugs Corticosteroid therapy Other antiplatelet or antithrombotic drugs Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Patient selection Aspirin should not be prescribed routinely to individuals without established…

Cardiology This drug manual is provided for use in patients with hypertensive emergency (also referred to as hypertensive crisis or malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is…

…target — the nasal cannula stays in place for days without anyone asking why, or the patient at risk of carbon dioxide retention is given 15…

Clonidine Drug Clonidine Brand names Catapresan ®, Catapres ®, Dixarit ®, Catapres TTS ®, Catapres TTS 1 ®, Duraclon ®, Kapvay ® Indications • Agitated delirium…

Esmolol Drug Esmolol Brand names Brevibloc ® Indications Short term control of ventricular rate (including perioperative tachycardia) and hypertension (including hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism…

Labetalol Drug Labetalol Brand names Trandate ® Indications Mycoardial ischemia. Hypertension. Hypertensive emergency, including in pregnancy. Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and…

Nicardipine Drug Nicardipine Brand names Cardene ® Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is…

CPR Poisoning and drug toxicity In adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of…

Nitroprusside Drug Nitroprusside Brand names Nipride ®, Nipride RTU ®, Nitropress ®. Indications Pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure. Angina pectoris. Hypertension, hypertensive crisis/emergency. Pulmonary…

…regions and units. Follow the local protocol for choice of drug, dosing, route of administration and criteria for intermediate care or intensive care. Time course…

…at high risk of developing a new event. Administration Ticagrelor can be administered with or without food. For patients who cannot swallow the tablets whole…

…caused by chronic or acute ischemic heart disease, it is often not true in other circumstances (e.g. pulmonary embolism, trauma, respiratory causes, drug overdoses…

…urticaria, localised angio oedema or itching without compromise of the airway, breathing or circulation is usually an allergic reaction but not in itself anaphylaxis. The…

…is directed primarily at symptom relief and may not be required in asymptomatic patients. Before drug treatment, recommended or suggested measures include: reassurance; exercise training…

…who are markedly larger or smaller than average. Higher doses may be required in the critically ill patient. Intravenous antibiotics Drug eGFR 90 60 89…

…markedly raised blood pressure without acute organ damage should as a rule not be lowered rapidly with intravenous drugs. Restart or optimise oral treatment and…

…2]. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding can present as haematemesis, coffee ground vomiting or melaena. Haematochezia can occur in massive upper bleeding with rapid intestinal transit. Coffee…

…hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ® Mechanism of action • Induces arteriolar vasodilation…

…Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic…

…food allergies, insect stings, and drug induced reactions. Approximately 90% of anaphylactic cardiac arrests present with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) as the initial rhythm, while…

…Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic…

…Record DrugBank Record Abarelix Plenaxis Classified as QT prolonging drug in DrugBank. No data on QT prolongation or risk of torsade de pointes in PubMed…

…is intensified [1,2]. The evidence that any particular intravenous drug improves mortality or long term functional outcome is limited. A Cochrane review found insufficient…

…example foreign body, hanging or strangulation. Drug overdose Intentional or accidental overdose of medications, drugs or other substances (including alcohol) causing cardiac arrest. Table 1…

…Causes of sinoatrial (SA) block The following conditions cause sinoatrial block: Sinus node dysfunction (SND) Perimyocarditis Acute myocardial infarction (or ischemia) Drug side effects (procainamide…

…motion intolerance and difficulty walking Vestibular neuritis, cerebellar or brainstem infarction, haemorrhage, drug toxicity, demyelination HINTS plus by a trained examiner if nystagmus is present…

…local protocol or the on call coagulation service. Bridging with low molecular weight heparin is rarely needed with DOACs. Reversal in major bleeding Drug Reversal…

…It is precipitated by somatic illness, drugs, poisoning, withdrawal, surgery or several concurrent factors. A diagnosis of delirium is therefore the beginning of the investigation…

…with inotropic and vasopressor effects, and they often need to be combined in order to optimise or correct the haemodynamics. Most agents exert both vasopressor…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

…kidney disease Stage eGFR Description : : : G1 ≥ 90 Normal or high G2 60–89 Mildly reduced G3a 45–59 Mildly to moderately reduced G3b 30–44…

…seizure lasting at least 5 minutes, or repeated generalised tonic clonic seizures without the patient regaining consciousness between them. Five minutes is the practical threshold…

…microvascular dysfunction, or combinations of these mechanisms. Drug selection can therefore be tailored to the suspected mechanism. No antianginal class has demonstrated consistent superiority for…

…including those with or without previous MI. It is generally continued indefinitely unless contraindications, intolerance, clinically important bleeding, or a competing anticoagulation strategy alters the…

…a consequence of drug toxicity, such as digitalis excess. Biomarkers and Laboratory Findings The source material does not provide information on biomarkers or laboratory findings…

…lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS). Clinical ISR is generally defined by recurrent symptoms or ischaemic events attributable…

…psychoactive and neuroactive drugs (lithium, phenothiazine, phenytoin, carbamazepine), and various chemotherapeutic agents. In the acute setting, bradyarrhythmic cardiac arrest or asystole may result from reversible…

…clearance must be assessed prior to initiation and monitored continuously during therapy. Hypokalemia is a significant risk factor for drug induced torsades de pointes; therefore…

…diabetes mellitus, renal failure, heart failure, hypercoagulability, prior brachytherapy Antiplatelet therapy Nonadherence or discontinuation of clopidogrel or DAPT, reduced clopidogrel bioavailability, hyporesponsiveness or resistance to…

…and diabetes [1]. Although TdP and subsequent sudden death are rare, the arrhythmia is precipitated by an extensive list of "torsadegenic" or "QT liability" drugs…

…any. Treatment of atrial tachycardia Discontinuation of digoxin is typically sufficient in patients whose atrial tachycardia is induced by the drug. Management of all other…

…heart failure. A recent echocardiographic examination should be available or performed urgently to evaluate ventricular and valvular function. Levosimendan drug is generally well tolerated. Severe…

…concomitant tachyarrhythmia, the pacemaker allows for adequate (high) dosing of rate controlling drugs (e.g beta blockers) without the risk of worsening the bradycardia. Persons…

…A bioprosthetic valve, the first 3 months 2.0–3.0 Thereafter usually an antiplatelet drug or nothing Preparation and equipment INR, full blood count…

…interact in its development. PAH may be idiopathic, heritable, drug associated, or associated with conditions such as systemic sclerosis, HIV infection, cirrhosis, and sickle cell…

…when peripheral access fails or is judged futile. Children in an emergency, where peripheral venous access often takes too long. Intraosseous access accepts all drugs…

…the ECG must be repeated, particularly with ongoing or recurrent pain [1,3,4]. This quick reference gives internationally established doses. Drug availability, thrombolysis regimens…

…resistant hypertension. Suspected nocturnal hypertension or absent nocturnal dipping (diabetes, renal failure, sleep apnoea). Suspected hypotension: dizziness, syncope, autonomic dysfunction, adverse drug effects. Wide variability…

…and in people under 18 years of age, where iso BMI or percentile charts should be used. Waist circumference Measure the waist between the lowest…

…or risk factors present An anticoagulant before cardioversion, or alternatively transoesophageal echocardiography. Cardioversion without preceding anticoagulation is reserved for CHA₂DS₂ VA 0–1 48 hours…

…interruptions and early defibrillation are what determine the outcome; drugs are given without pausing the compressions. Anaphylaxis Intramuscular adrenaline into the lateral thigh is the…

…Go through the medication and any herbal preparations carefully — drug induced liver injury is the commonest cause of acute liver failure in the Nordic countries…

…to return of bowel function without reducing the risk of complications. Contraindications Type Condition : : Absolute Suspected base of skull fracture or a marked midfacial fracture…

…25–50 per cent and titrate. At a high dose, in old age or in renal failure, reduce it further. Starting doses in acute pain…