…Restenosis was more likely with: Small reference vessel diameter A small post procedural lumen Substantial residual stenosis Long lesions Diabetes mellitus Untreated edge dissection Components…

…heart failure. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Patients with acquired QT prolongation and drug induced TdP typically present with near syncope, syncope, or cardiac arrest. Before…

…years, those with symptomatic orthostatic hypotension, moderate to severe frailty, or very old or frail patients who may not tolerate rapid blood pressure reduction. Initial…

…failure. Caution • Used cautiously in patients with acute heart failure. • Clevidipine can cause reflex tachycardia. • Contraindicated in severe aortic stenosis due to risk of hypotension…

…Hypokalemia. Increased intra ocular pressure in patients with glaucoma. Caution Used cautiously in patients with glaucoma or increased intracranial pressure. Fenoldopam doses and administration in…

Info This drug manual is provided for use in patients with hypertensive emergency (also referred to as hypertensive crisis or malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is…

…and therapeutic rationale Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid, is an antiplatelet drug that irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase and thereby suppresses thromboxane A2 synthesis. Thromboxane A2 promotes vasoconstriction…

Cardiology This drug manual is provided for use in patients with hypertensive emergency (also referred to as hypertensive crisis or malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is…

Procedurer Oxygen is a drug and must be prescribed as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation…

…Caution • Clonidine may induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable…

Esmolol Drug Esmolol Brand names Brevibloc ® Indications Short term control of ventricular rate (including perioperative tachycardia) and hypertension (including hypertensive emergency, perioperative hypertension). Mechanism…

…• In patients with pheochromocytoma, cocaine or methamphetamine overdose, prior treatment with alpha blockade is necessary before administering labetalol (risk of elevating blood pressure in these…

…Edema. Dizziness. Caution Should be used cautiously in patients with myocardial ischemia and/or heart failure. Nicardipine doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis/emergency).

…national or regional poison control centre, and activate the emergency medical response system using your local emergency number. Contact the nearest intensive care unit with…

…cautiously in patients with high intracranial pressure or azotemia. • Should not be given to pregnant women. • Should not be given to patients with Leber optic…

…particularly after previous severe episodes, with concurrent physical illness or after prolonged very high intake More than 90 percent of withdrawal seizures occur within 48…

…or fever. It's a potentially fatal condition that requires prompt treatment, including plasmapheresis. Interference with Platelet Function Test for Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT): False…

…the left ventricle, which therefore contracts without pre load (the ventricle is empty or nearly empty). In patients with an initial shockable rhythm, compressions and…

…with at least one of the following: airway compromise respiratory compromise circulatory compromise severe gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly after exposure to a drug, insect venom or…

…either drug alone. Long term efficacy data remain limited, and the possibility that chronic If channel blockade could increase sympathetic activity, with adverse remodelling or…

…the drug is contraindicated at an eGFR <45 mL/min. A short course (no more than 7 days) may be given to selected patients with…

…raised blood pressure together with ongoing or new organ damage in which immediate, controlled blood pressure lowering can limit the damage. The choice of drug…

…a reduced level of consciousness with inadequate protective reflexes active major haematemesis severe agitation respiratory failure an anticipated difficult or prolonged endoscopic intervention a need…

…hypertensive emergencies due to the high risk of reflex sympathetic stimulation. Drug Hydralazine Brand names Apresoline ®, Bidil ® Mechanism of action • Induces arteriolar vasodilation…

…a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with…

…insect stings, and drug induced reactions. Approximately 90% of anaphylactic cardiac arrests present with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) as the initial rhythm, while the remainder…

…a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with…

…Classified as QT prolonging drug in DrugBank. No data on QT prolongation or risk of torsade de pointes in PubMed. Drug with neuroleptic and anti…

…rapidly with intravenous drugs. Such treatment has not been shown to improve the prognosis and can cause hypotension, acute kidney injury, myocardial ischaemia or cerebral…

…commonly stated that approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests are caused by acute or chronic coronary artery disease, with the latter being the most common…

…Causes of sinoatrial (SA) block The following conditions cause sinoatrial block: Sinus node dysfunction (SND) Perimyocarditis Acute myocardial infarction (or ischemia) Drug side effects (procainamide…

…lasting hours to days, often with nausea, nystagmus, motion intolerance and difficulty walking Vestibular neuritis, cerebellar or brainstem infarction, haemorrhage, drug toxicity, demyelination HINTS plus…

…local protocol or the on call coagulation service. Bridging with low molecular weight heparin is rarely needed with DOACs. Reversal in major bleeding Drug Reversal…

…several non pharmacological measures at the same time, and use drugs only in severe agitation or marked distress. Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome and…

…in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit, and the operating theatre. Careful electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with ECG, a central venous…

…In impaired consciousness or DKA: remove the pump and change to an infusion or injections Drugs for type 2 diabetes in inpatients Agent The acutely…

…list (metformin, NSAIDs, RAAS blockade, gabapentin, direct oral anticoagulants) and refer to nephrology at an eGFR < 30, with rapid deterioration, or with A3 albuminuria.

…In parallel with the drug treatment Resuscitation, investigation and drug treatment must proceed simultaneously. Do not wait for laboratory results, CT or EEG before the…

…microvascular dysfunction, or combinations of these mechanisms. Drug selection can therefore be tailored to the suspected mechanism. No antianginal class has demonstrated consistent superiority for…

…cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy is a central component because platelet…

…early hours following infarction may be associated with hemodynamic compromise. More broadly, bradyarrhythmic arrest and asystole represent severe manifestations of impulse generation or conduction failure…

…substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS). Clinical ISR is generally defined by recurrent symptoms or ischaemic events…

…psychoactive and neuroactive drugs (lithium, phenothiazine, phenytoin, carbamazepine), and various chemotherapeutic agents. In the acute setting, bradyarrhythmic cardiac arrest or asystole may result from reversible…

…adults with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de pointes or provoke severe…

…associated with stent thrombosis Clinical Acute myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, heart failure, hypercoagulability, prior brachytherapy Antiplatelet therapy Nonadherence or discontinuation of clopidogrel or…

…Management Definition and Clinical Characteristics Torsades de pointes (TdP) represents a multifactorial clinical entity typically associated with drug induced long QT syndrome (DI LQTS) [1]…

…sufficient in patients whose atrial tachycardia is induced by the drug. Management of all other cases aligns with the approach used for atrial fibrillation and…

…echocardiographic examination should be available or performed urgently to evaluate ventricular and valvular function. Levosimendan drug is generally well tolerated. Severe adverse effects are less…

…able to continue drug therapy. It is very common that patients with bradycardia have a strong indication for drugs that aggravate or even cause the…

…0–3.0 Thereafter usually an antiplatelet drug or nothing Preparation and equipment INR, full blood count, creatinine with eGFR and liver function tests before…

…interact in its development. PAH may be idiopathic, heritable, drug associated, or associated with conditions such as systemic sclerosis, HIV infection, cirrhosis, and sickle cell…

…the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap — intraosseous flow requires pressure ; gravity is not…

…the ECG must be repeated, particularly with ongoing or recurrent pain [1,3,4]. This quick reference gives internationally established doses. Drug availability, thrombolysis regimens…

…resistant hypertension. Suspected nocturnal hypertension or absent nocturnal dipping (diabetes, renal failure, sleep apnoea). Suspected hypotension: dizziness, syncope, autonomic dysfunction, adverse drug effects. Wide variability…

…or percentile charts should be used. Waist circumference Measure the waist between the lowest rib and the iliac crest, at the end of expiration, with…

…disease Verapamil or diltiazem When a beta blocker is contraindicated, for example in asthma Contraindicated in impaired left ventricular function and together with an intravenous…

…thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary), tension pneumothorax. No drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest. High quality compressions with minimal interruptions…

…together with ultrasound of the liver and biliary tract . Go through the medication and any herbal preparations carefully — drug induced liver injury is the commonest…

…in ileus, subacute obstruction or gastric retention — the commonest indication on a surgical ward. Decompression in severe vomiting where the stomach does not empty. Intraoperatively…

…25–50 per cent and titrate. At a high dose, in old age or in renal failure, reduce it further. Starting doses in acute pain…