…tuberculous pleurisy or chylothorax. Therapeutic aspiration: dyspnoea caused by a pleural effusion, whatever the aetiology. Chest drainage: empyema, complicated parapneumonic effusion with a pH below…

…mL syringes. Therapeutic drainage: a commercial paracentesis set or a catheter over needle, 16–18 G, connected to tubing and a collection container. Sample tubes…

…cardiac arrest Cardiac arrest associated with tamponade has an exceptionally poor prognosis. In the vast majority of these cases, the tamponade develops acutely or subacutely…

CPR Bedside echocardiography in cardiac arrest In the context of cardiac arrest, focused echocardiography entails a swift evaluation of ventricular contractions and the status of…

…that can be corrected with iron, B12 or folate in a stable patient. Transfusion given solely to reach a laboratory value without a clinical question…

…score with a lower limit of normal at z = −1.64 (the fifth percentile) has been recommended in preference to fixed percentage thresholds. Bedside…

…bleeding risk with gastrointestinal and urogenital tumours Marked renal failure Low molecular weight heparin with dose adjustment, or warfarin Subsegmental pulmonary embolism without deep vein…

…awake fibreoptic intubation or anaesthetic back up is then the right course, not RSI. Assess the airway first LEMON for a rapid bedside assessment: Letter…

…with NSTE ACS (NSTEMI or unstable angina) are treated similarly with respect to anti ischemic and anti thrombotic drugs. Management must, however, be individualized with…

…TIMI risk score for ST elevation myocardial infarction: A convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting…

…diagnostic endpoint is a new or worsening regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) during stress. A fixed abnormality that remains unchanged with stress generally indicates previous…

…not the skin. Aspiration needle (iliac crest or sternal needle with stylet) and a Jamshidi type biopsy needle. Syringes: a small 5–10 mL syringe…

…without hypoperfusion Intravenous loop diuretic therapy Congestion with hypoperfusion Loop diuretic therapy; consider inotropic support Persistent congestion despite initial therapy Increase diuretic dose and/or…

…°C) Mild hypothermia Conscious with tremors 32 35°C Moderate hypothermia Impaired consciousness, with or without shivering 28 31°C Severe hypothermia Unconscious, with signs of life…

…When performing emergency echocardiography, or any examination without a proper examination table, it may be difficult to acquire images in the left lateral decubitus position…

…become cheaper, more portable, more powerful, equipped with an increasing number of methods to interrogate organ structure and function. Ultrasound imaging, including echocardiography, has become…

…into or beside them. Anticoagulant treatment is not a contraindication to these superficial injections. Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol, an iodine solution or isopropyl…