…make early case detection clinically important. Current European recommendations advise screening adults with confirmed hypertension by measuring renin and aldosterone, although the strongest indications arise…

…adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of prescription medications and illicit substances. Currently…

CPR Data sources for monitoring cardiac arrest and resuscitation There are currently several large registries monitoring resuscitation practices. Some data sources also monitor sudden cardiac…

…has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel et al, Savarese et…

…has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel et al, Savarese et…

…in the hospital. Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on the management of hyperglycaemia in hospitalised adults. The summary of product characteristics for each insulin preparation.

…account for a high Lp(a) level may lead to substantial underestimation of cardiovascular risk. Conversely, Lp(a) measurement provides limited additional reclassification beyond currently…

…than the current threshold for hypertension, and the current treatment target levels for patients with and without diabetes. The threshold for hypertension is currently 140…

…cardiovascular benefit is small in many primary prevention populations. Bleeding risk is especially relevant in older adults. Factors associated with increased gastrointestinal bleeding include: Older…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least…

…follow the local protocol for exact infusion rates, electrolyte concentrations and level of care. This quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises the…

…completely by the electrical currents generated by the left ventricle. This explains why leads V4–V6 normally displays large R waves in adults (refer to…

…completely by the electrical currents generated by the left ventricle. This explains why leads V4–V6 normally displays large R waves in adults (refer to…

…an indication for dialysis? AKI occurs in about one fifth of adults during a hospital episode in international studies and is linked to substantial mortality…

…and supplemental oxygen [1]. Distinguish between: Acidaemia and alkalaemia , which describe the current pH of the blood. Acidosis and alkalosis , which describe processes that lower…

…abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior…

…capacity. Suspected asthma or COPD — diagnosis and follow up. Risk groups: current or former smokers over 40 with respiratory symptoms, and occupational exposure to dust…

…However, the l isomer is responsible for virtually all of the beta blocking activity. Sotalol does not block alpha adrenoceptors and lacks sodium channel blocking…

…Triedman et al ). According to the European Society for Cardiology, 2800 adults per 1 million individuals have congenital heart defects, and half of them have…

…multiple drawbacks. For example, Bazett's formula is only suitable in adults with a heart rate between 60 and 90 beats per minute. Bazett's…

…Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is…

…The Swedish clinical care programme for bacterial CNS infections states that CT must not be performed before lumbar puncture in suspected bacterial meningitis — not even…

…and infarction Definition and Purpose Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary secondary prevention intervention for patients with cardiovascular disease, including those recovering from myocardial infarction…

…particles. Cardiovascular risk categories Primary prevention For adults aged 40–75 years without diabetes and with LDL C between 70 and 189 mg/dL, 10…

…to patients with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the documented ischaemic burden. In chronic coronary…

…the current haemoglobin — haemoglobin falls late in acute haemorrhage and a normal value does not exclude significant blood loss. Massive haemorrhage meeting the criteria for…

…general adult population, but this figure rises steeply with age, exceeding 10% in individuals over 70 years [48] . The lifetime risk of developing HF for…

…started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs is made without reduction for incomplete cross tolerance. Indications Acute severe nociceptive pain…

…kg intravenously in symptomatic salicylate poisoning. For an adult this corresponds to the order of 100–200 mL of the 50 mg/mL solution. 6…

…an arterial blood gas should be considered. Do not wait for the blood gas result before starting treatment. Clinical assessment History that affects the level…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…bradycardia. Bradycardia may be present despite a high atrial rate (for example atrial fibrillation) if the block in the AV node is high grade. Causes…

…than younger adults. Thus, although a smaller number of older patients may need treatment to prevent one adverse cardiovascular outcome, the potential benefit for an…

…For a fuller account of two of the commonest acute drug problems, see Warfarin therapy and Opioid therapy in severe pain. Cardiac arrest Drug Adult…

Referensvärden The normal values below apply to adults in sinus rhythm, recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10…

Info [calc_vernakalant] Indications for vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is indicated in adults for chemical conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is…

…pulmonic) regurgitation Pulmonary regurgitation is also called pulmonic regurgitation . The majority of all adults exhibit a small pulmonary regurgitation, which is considered a normal finding…

…doses below are taken from the recommendations of Strama Stockholm for the empirical antibiotic treatment of adults in hospital and in residential care homes (SÄBO…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…age, while its clinical expression and management become progressively more complex. Older adults, often defined in cardiovascular practice as those older than 75 years, are…

…around 46 % that at least one will fall outside. The ranges below are guide values for adults. The method and the laboratory determine the range —…

…the newborn differ markedly from adult reference values and normalise gradually through childhood. The interpretation is made in the same systematic way as in adults…

…caused by stenosis or occlusion of the aorta or arteries supplying the limbs. In adults over 40 years of age, atherosclerosis is the predominant cause…

…but fundamental part of ECG interpretation. The normal T wave in adults is positive in most precordial and limb leads. The T wave amplitude is…

…normal and pathological pediatric and neonatal ECG The neonatal and pediatric electrocardiogram (ECG) is interpreted using the same principles as in ECG interpretation in adults…

…The same ECG grid is used in children and adult patients. Recommendations for ECG recording in children Pediatric patients frequently have difficulties being still during…

…adult TTE are obtained with the patient in the supine position. In order to obtain the best possible image quality, patient safety and ergonomics for…

…periods of rapid ventricular rate (Table 1). Children and healthy adults may also develop tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (Gopinnathair et al). Long term prognosis is excellent…

…< 23 cm suggests undernutrition in adults Calf circumference Largest circumference < 31 cm is a screening marker for sarcopenia Body composition Measurement Women Men…

…international guidelines on neutropenic fever [2]. The direct evidence for exactly one hour in neutropenic fever is limited, but delayed antibiotics are associated with a…

…Estimating renal function Formula Used for : : CKD EPI 2021 (creatinine) The first choice for eGFR in adults Cystatin C based eGFR With an atypical muscle…

…Dosage Adults Initial dose : A single loading dose of 60 mg. Maintenance dose : 10 mg once daily. For UA/NSTEMI patients undergoing coronary angiography within…

…are distinct from the treatment threshold used in the BP guidelines. For adults with elevated BP, a calculated 10 year risk of ≥10% is considered…

…may not tolerate rapid blood pressure reduction. Initial Combination Therapy General Strategy For most adults with confirmed hypertension, initial treatment with two agents is recommended…

…and benefit is observed below the conventional minimum target. Recommended Activity Volume and Intensity For adults, the principal preventive target is: 150–300 minutes per…

…six fold higher in affected adults. True, apparent, and pseudo resistant hypertension The term resistant hypertension should be reserved for patients in whom the diagnosis…

…according to adult recommendations. Electrode pads should be positioned as standard, and defibrillation energy levels should remain consistent with those used for non pregnant adults…

…AHA/ACCF/HRS) recommendations, a nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay is defined as “a QRS duration greater than 110 ms in adults, greater than 90 ms…

…or ≥ 110 Isolated systolic hypertension ≥ 140 and < 90 Thresholds for different measurement methods Measurement technique Faulty measurement technique is the most common cause of…

Procedurer Children around the age of three account for the majority of cases, and the great majority of objects can be removed in general practice…