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Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…allergen 2. Acute airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise after exposure to a known or probable allergen , even if skin symptoms are absent [1,4]. Typical…

Joint aspiration

…with your hand to press the remaining fluid down. 5. If a corticosteroid is to be given: hold the needle still, change the syringe and…

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…4. Make a small skin incision with the scalpel. 5. Aspiration: advance the needle with the stylet in place perpendicular to the bone surface, angled…

The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…and repolarization generate electrical currents. It was also explained that the electrical currents are conducted all the way to the skin, because the tissues and…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…heart failure. Acute pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that causes tissue metabolic requirements to exceed…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

Indications Acute myocardial infarction. Unstable coronary artery disease. Stable angina pectoris. Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA…

Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…guides the management of non acute or asymptomatic bradyarrhythmia. In patients presenting with intermittent symptoms of bradycardia, it is fundamental to establish a temporal correlation…

Casting and immobilisation

…padding and the stockinette, right down to the skin — a cast split only through the plaster layer does not relieve the pressure. Common splints and…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…The nail folds are the skin folds proximal and lateral to the plate, and the cuticle is the flap of skin that extends from the…

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