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Casting and immobilisation

…padding, folds and lumps are the commonest cause of pressure sores. 4. Dip the plaster in tepid water and squeeze out the excess without wringing…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…hemodynamic consequences of congestion by producing a negative sodium and water balance. They can reduce jugular venous pressure, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema and body weight…

Resistant Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment

…blood pressure measurement; White coat hypertension; Poor adherence or persistence with prescribed therapy; Inadequate dosing; An inappropriate diuretic for kidney function; Excess dietary sodium and…

Physics of ultrasound

…e.g air, water, metal, or tissue and fluids in the human body. Sound waves arise when a sound source generates mechanical vibrations in the…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…and body temperature water for irrigation. Small children need help to keep still. Sedation is usually better than physical restraint — ketamine provides both immobilisation and…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…amount of water is too great in relation to the amount of dissolved cations [3]. The first five minutes 1. Assess airway, breathing and circulation…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…of new or increasing pain. Preparation and equipment Doppler for the ankle brachial index, blood pressure cuff. Lukewarm tap water or saline for cleansing, swabs…

Otoscopy and ear syringing

…ear canal , past the plug — not straight at it. The water should get behind the wax and push it out. 6. Use moderate pressure. R

Urinary catheterisation

…Preparation and equipment A sterile catheterisation pack, sterile gloves, chlorhexidine solution 0.2 mg/mL or an equivalent cleansing solution, sterile gauze, sterile water for…

Oesophageal ECG

…pharynx and lidocaine gel for the electrode. A glass of water with a straw, a vomit bowl, tissues, suction. Monitoring with ECG, blood pressure and…

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