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Assessment of Pacemaker Malfunction

…demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure to pace. Figure 2. Failure to sense. Atrial pacing occurs after the intrinsic P wave. Figure 3…

Nasogastric tube

…to return of bowel function without reducing the risk of complications. Contraindications Type Condition : : Absolute Suspected base of skull fracture or a marked midfacial fracture …

Urinary catheterisation

…Contraindications Type Condition : : Absolute Suspected urethral injury — blood at the meatus, a perineal or scrotal haematoma, a high riding or impalpable prostate, a pelvic fracture…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…3. Expand it with 5–10 mL of saline through an intravenous cannula. 4. Tape the drawstring to a gauze pad against the cheek so…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…crush technique, stent fracture or collapse Lesion specific angiographic features Residual dissection at a stent margin, impaired flow into or out of the stent, stent…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…a cytosolic enzyme upstream of 3 hydroxy 3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Inhibition of ACL reduces hepatic cholesterol synthesis and…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…Unna boot), or a class 2–3 compression stocking. Tape measure for ankle circumference — this governs the choice of material and bandaging technique. Procedure Assessment…

Second-degree AV block: Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach) & Mobitz type 2 block

…Mobitz type 1 block is characterized by a gradual prolongation of the PR interval over a few heart cycles until an atrial impulse is completely…

Third-degree AV block (3rd degree AV block, AV block 3, AV block III)

…resulting in reduced cardiac output and risk of hypoperfusion. Distinguishing AV block 2 and AV block 3 In case the distinction between second degree AV…

🟠 Left ventricular dimension and systolic function

Visual assessment of regional wall motion (left ventricle) TYPE OF MOTION DEFINITION WALL MOTION SCORE Normal Normal thickening (typically 30% thickening from end diastole to…

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