…amputation. The decisive step is therefore not the choice of dressing but the ankle brachial index before the first bandage is applied . Indications Venous leg…

…cast or has extensive wounds so that the cuff cannot be applied. Place the cuff over a protective dressing, or measure at the toe instead…

…Indications Decompression in ileus, subacute obstruction or gastric retention — the commonest indication on a surgical ward. Decompression in severe vomiting where the stomach does not…

…that is disproportionately severe, a rapid course, skin discolouration, systemic upset — is an acute surgical emergency, not an abscess. Preparation and equipment No. 11 scalpel…

…nail splitter or strong pointed scissors, a Freer elevator or small artery forceps, toothed surgical forceps. A size 11 scalpel. A chemical cautery agent: phenol…

…high income countries, idiopathic pericarditis, radiation to the pericardium and surgical interventions are the most common causes of constrictive pericarditis. Of these three, idiopathic pericarditis…

…upper airway obstruction where laryngoscopy will not succeed; plan for a surgical airway or awake fibreoptic intubation. A difficult airway is anticipated in a stable…

…dose are according to the local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment or surgical embolectomy where available. A vasopressor (noradrenaline) and…

…rehabilitation, ablative or surgical interventions The test does not define the structure or composition of coronary atherosclerotic plaque, identify plaques at high risk of rupture…

…and treatment goals Diabetes, left ventricular function and other comorbidities Surgical risk and contraindications to prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy Patient preferences, local expertise and operator…