…volume of air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior vena cava, impeding or halting venous return to the heart. In instances of…

…Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior part of the…

…Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score is a clinical tool designed to estimate the risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing anticoagulation therapy…

…risk (1 point) S troke (1 point) HEMORR₂HAGES Score Risk category Incidence of major bleeding (per 100 patient years) 0 Low 1.9 1 Low…

…to the superior vena cava. A critical area of slow conduction is consistently located in the posterolateral to posteromedial inferior region of the right atrium…

…standard due to superior efficacy over monophasic devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect success, but active compression of the pads…

…even in the absence of classic ST elevation. Multiple studies have demonstrated the superior sensitivity of OMI criteria—including subtle and nontraditional ECG patterns such…

…left ventricular enlargement, right ventricular enlargement and atrial enlargement. Below follows a discussion on the principles and differences of dilatation and hypertrophy, as well as…

…different vessel. Choice of site Vessel Advantages Disadvantages : : : Internal jugular vein (right) Best ultrasound conditions, a straight course to the superior vena cava, compressible if…

…injection is placed too high — which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA. Both are avoided with the right landmark and the right needle length…

…bearing skin. 5. Direct the jet upwards and backwards along the superior wall of the ear canal , past the plug — not straight at it. The…

…first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner there than on the right, and…

…individualized within the applicable guideline framework. Combination therapy is based on the complementary mechanisms of drugs from different classes. By acting on more than one…

…the left ventricle is considerably larger than the right ventricle. This is the result of ventricular adaptation to the resistance that must be overcome by…

…will have critical CHD, and the pulse oximetry test will correctly identify five of these with critical CHD ( Plana et al ). Minor defects can go…

…located near the entrance of the superior vena cava in the right atrium (Figure 1). The sinus node is composed of highly specialized cells that…

…the left ventricle is considerably larger than the right ventricle. This is the result of ventricular adaptation to the resistance that must be overcome by…

…present the limb leads in their anatomically contiguous manner; that is, from left superior basal to right inferior. In other words, the following order: aVL…

…PCI is superior to thrombolysis also in this aspect). Guidelines recommend that thrombolysis should result in 50% ST segment return (i.e reduction of the…

…Chest compressions in traumatic cardiac arrest In the context of cardiac tamponade, increased pressure within the pericardial sac impedes venous return to the right atrium…

…imaging of the right ventricle requires an experienced echocardiographer. Three dimensional (3D) echocardiography should be considered in laboratories with expertise; 3D imaging is superior to…

…The urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure…

…patients, regardless of the type of oral anticoagulant used. Studies have shown that it performs similarly or superiorly to other bleeding risk assessment tools, such…

…The severity of ischaemia and whether infarction has occurred The extent and degree of myocardial involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular…