[calc_123lqts] Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac channelopathy characterized by prolonged ventricular repolarization, which predisposes individuals to malignant ventricular arrhythmias, notably torsade…

…ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Unstable angina (UA) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized by myocardial ischaemia occurring at rest or with minimal exertion…

5 Year Risk of Life Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias [calc_123lqts] Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac channelopathy characterized by prolonged ventricular repolarization, which…

…tachycardia almost invariably have significant underlying heart disease. The most common causes are coronary heart disease (acute coronary syndromes or ischemic heart disease), heart failure …

…after tachyarrhythmia; the combination of tachyarrhythmia and sinus node dysfunction is referred to as tachy brady syndrome . Neurocardiogenic syndrome (which includes vasovagal syncope), as well…

…common to provide the patient with a permanent pacemaker to continue optimal medical treatment. Sick sinus syndrome (sinus node dysfunction), a common cause of brady

…pressure in both arms at the first assessment, particularly in chest pain, back pain or suspected acute aortic syndrome. 5. Use the correct cuff size…

Emergency medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comprises a spectrum of clinical presentations caused by suspected acute myocardial ischaemia…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) comprise the clinical manifestations of chronic structural and/or functional disease involving the…

…a clinical syndrome in which the heart cannot deliver blood at a rate appropriate to tissue requirements unless filling pressures are elevated. The syndrome is…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Definition and Pathophysiology Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) encompass a spectrum of clinical conditions characterized by a recent change in symptoms…

…terminology Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the cardinal symptoms and signs of heart failure (HF) in…

Emergency medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Framework Chest pain is a broad clinical syndrome rather than a narrowly defined symptom. It includes…

…Pathophysiology ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized clinically by acute myocardial ischaemic symptoms or equivalent presentations together with persistent…

…chest discomfort requires a systematic differential diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic heart disease is broader than chest pain itself, encompassing symptoms like tightness…

…denotes treatment with aspirin plus a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. In the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), DAPT is used to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction…

…angiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, stress echocardiography) has greater diagnostic accuracy. Contraindications Absolute: Acute coronary syndrome within 48 hours, or ongoing unstable angina. Uncontrolled symptomatic arrhythmia…

…approximately 20–50%. Their greater analytical sensitivity improves diagnostic accuracy and negative predictive value in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Cardiac troponin is…

…patients can have a mixed syndrome, with exertional angina and ST segment depression related to fixed disease, together with rest angina and ST segment elevation…

…Acute coronary syndromes cause symptoms already at rest. Stable ischemic heart disease does not cause symptoms at rest unless the stenosis is so grave that…

…cardiovascular event risk. Quantify myocardial blood flow when PET is used. SPECT is recommended in suspected chronic coronary syndrome with moderate or high pre test

…In acute coronary syndromes, however, symptoms and ECG changes are manifest at rest because of the severe reduction of coronary flow caused by acute atherothrombosis…

…general practice concern the nails, and all three rest on the same foundation: an effective digital block and a tourniquet . Without a bloodless field one…

…coexist, diagnosis and classification must integrate haemodynamics with the patient’s clinical context and the results of all relevant investigations. Haemodynamic definition At rest, PH…

…forehead against the band and the chin in the rest. Support your working hand against the patient's zygoma or the bridge of the nose…

…of the patient, depending on preferences. The operator should have an elbow rest, and also avoid bending the back during the examination. Work related musculoskeletal…

…of myocardial infarction and stroke. Indications Intermittent claudication, rest pain in the foot or leg, or a non healing distal ulcer. Before compression treatment of…

…organic material that swells, batteries and magnets. Preparation and equipment A chair with a head rest, preferably an ENT chair; raise the chair to your…

…samples were taken at the right times, and whether you know which decision threshold your own laboratory's method uses. In a suspected Addisonian crisis…

…ejection fraction (HFREF ). Average ejection fraction 63% to 69% Lower normal limit 55% Ejection fraction is routinely examined at rest, which does not reveal the…

…small children. 3. Rest your hand against the patient's cheek so that the otoscope moves with the head if it moves. 4. Insert the…

…benign to highly malignant, which is why expeditious management is warranted. Initial management includes assessing the patient's clinical status (symptoms, hemodynamics), ECG and risk…

Cardiology Interpreting myocardial perfusion SPECT images involves a systematic comparison of rest and stress images to assess myocardial ischemia and infarction. The key steps in…

…coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual and numerical insights into myocardial blood flow under rest and stress conditions. MPI uses radiotracers in combination with…

…Thresholds for different measurement methods Measurement technique Faulty measurement technique is the most common cause of misclassification. Five minutes' seated rest, back and arm supported…

…1 MET) is defined as the amount of oxygen consumed while sitting at rest and is equal to 3.5 ml O2 per kg weight ×…

…dose does not arrive until the next flush. Assess the pain both at rest and on movement . A patient who is pain free lying still…

…first hour after ROSC, in parallel with coronary angiography, the search for the cause and the rest of the intensive care. 2. Insert the core…

…episodic and may not follow a classical pattern of stable exertional angina. Vasospastic angina should be suspected when patients have repetitive episodes of rest angina

…with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, low cardiac output, and dyspnea at rest that persists despite administration of diuretics and vasodilators. Clinically, these patients exhibit hypotension…

…themselves sufficiently to provoke symptoms. Intermittent claudication Intermittent claudication is exertional discomfort in a limb muscle that improves with rest. The symptom may be described…

…lower jaw, neck, or occipital region. It typically occurs at rest, lasts longer than ordinary angina, and does not reliably resolve when activity stops or

…eventually causes heart failure. Mitral stenosis typically becomes symptomatic at rest when the valve area is reduced to 1.5 cm 2 . During physical activity…

…assessment of coronary flow reserve. A single session can be used for performing both rest and stress images (Sogbein et al.). Roll off phenomenon The…