…arterial disease, in whom AAA has been reported with a substantial cumulative incidence. The source material does not provide a detailed standardized physical examination protocol…

…protocols & equipment: cycle ergometer (bicycle) vs. treadmill The choice of exercise equipment and protocol depends mainly on local traditions. The treadmill and cycle ergometer (bicycle)…

…underlying pathophysiology varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral, bacterial, protozoal…

CPR It is commonly stated that approximately 80% of all cardiac arrests are caused by acute or chronic coronary artery disease, with the latter being…

…propelled by breakthroughs in engineering, software development, and progress in our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease. Ultrasound systems have become cheaper, more portable…

…count before insertion differ between regions and departments — follow local protocol. Severe lung disease or a contralateral pneumothorax: avoid the subclavian and jugular routes on…

…circulation and underlying disease are monitored [3]. The management of complicated withdrawal varies between regions and units. Follow the local protocol for choice of drug…

…Impaired consciousness. Synchronised cardioversion under sedation, at an energy level according to the local protocol. An anticoagulant is given as soon as possible, but must…

…in the entire chain. In massive haemorrhage a second problem is added: transfusion saves no one whose bleeding is not stopped, and it is the…

…life produces more marked suppression. Stress dosing in known adrenal insufficiency A patient with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease), secondary adrenal insufficiency or long…

…Blood pressure 200/110 mmHg at rest Treat first Electrolyte disturbance Correct Second or third degree AV block Depending on the indication Marked anaemia Correct…

…where needed, coagulation expertise at the same time [1]. Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol early. Protocols improve above all the logistics, the communication and…

…Swedish medicines compendium (FASS) and the local protocol. Low molecular weight heparin is the first choice in pregnancy and an alternative in cancer associated thrombosis…

…exclude significant anatomical CAD with high sensitivity and a high negative predictive value, particularly when disease prevalence is low. It also identifies non obstructive plaque…

…should include review of modifiable risk factors and associated disease. The supplied material does not specify a diagnostic physical examination protocol or characteristic examination findings…

… raised by anaemia, age and pregnancy Procalcitonin < 0.25 µg/L Supports a bacterial aetiology; used to guide antibiotic therapy Glucose and lipids Test…

…in ischemic events or stent thrombosis. Stable coronary disease and elective PCI For chronic coronary syndromes treated with elective PCI, the standard DAPT duration is…

…Children, pregnant women and patients with advanced renal failure, marked heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and early specialist involvement. DKA and…

…laboratory may differ between Swedish regions. Always follow the local PCI and thrombolysis protocol where it specifies another approved regimen. The first 10 minutes 1…

…monitoring, complications and when thrombectomy should be considered. The doses and Swedish thresholds below are based on the national guideline for the management of reperfusion…

…doses and include an initial high dose phase. Follow FASS (the Swedish medicines compendium) and the local protocol. See the pulmonary embolism quick reference for…

…high risk of hypoglycaemia 8–12 mmol/L The critically ill patient in intensive care According to the local protocol Avoid tight targets in inpatients…

…the INR does not predict bleeding risk in paracentesis. Follow the local protocol Ileus with distended bowel loops Ultrasound guidance mandatory; choose another site Scars…

…and infusion rates may differ. Always follow the current hospital protocol and check the strength and the maximum infusion rate. Rapid overview Time from seizure…

…provider. 5. Confirm delirium with a structured instrument , for example the 4AT or the CAM according to local protocol. 6. Look for several concurrent causes…

…pressure can cause serious organ damage even at lower levels, particularly in pregnancy [1,2]. Malignant hypertension is not entirely synonymous with a hypertensive emergency…

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…or suspected variceal bleeding, also contact a gastroenterologist with hepatology expertise 9 Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol in uncontrolled bleeding, shock or a rapid…

…mmol sodium bicarbonate per mL) for bolus and infusion, and glucose 50 mg/mL as carrier solution according to local protocol. Potassium chloride for infusion…

…to acquire images in the left lateral decubitus position. This affects images obtained in apical windows (refer to Standard Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Complete Imaging Protocol). Nevertheless…