…of endocarditis. Endocarditis gives three typical findings on echocardiography: Vegetations. Abscesses. Prosthetic detachment. These three findings constitute the main criteria for diagnosing endocarditis. Traditionally, it…

…always weighs more heavily). A joint prosthesis: the aspiration must be performed by an orthopaedic surgeon under strictly sterile conditions. For corticosteroid injection there is…

…a major injury proximal to the puncture site. A joint prosthesis or orthopaedic metalwork in the area. A previous intraosseous attempt in the same bone…

…elbow, finger, patella, jaw or hip prosthesis. A dislocation with neurovascular compromise or skin tenting — reduce promptly, before radiography. The longer a joint remains dislocated…

…over the injection site. Bacteraemia or suspected septic bursitis or arthritis. A joint prosthesis in the adjacent joint. Known hypersensitivity to the preparations. Relative: Poorly…

…a straddle injury Relative Recent urethral or prostatic surgery — contact a urologist before attempting Relative A known urethral stricture Relative Acute prostatitis or urethritis Relative…

…whoever starts the drug is responsible for the first week. Indications A mechanical valve prosthesis — warfarin is mandatory, and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are contraindicated…

…2 An oral anticoagulant is recommended A DOAC is preferred to warfarin except in a mechanical valve prosthesis and in moderate to severe mitral stenosis…

…underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature below about 30 °C — the hypothermic myocardium is irritable and pacing can precipitate ventricular fibrillation. Prioritise rewarming…

…strokes are caused by cardiac embolism. This figure does not include paradoxical embolism (discussed below) and emboli from the proximal aorta. Stroke and TIA (Transient…