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Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…Differential diagnosis Feature Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Diabetic foot ulcer : : : : Site Gaiter area, above the medial malleolus Toes, heel, lateral malleolus, pressure points Beneath the…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…only in claudication, but before every compression treatment of a leg ulcer and as a risk marker in diabetes and known atherosclerotic disease. An ABI…

Intensive care parameters

…Started within 48 h where possible Thromboprophylaxis Low molecular weight heparin unless contraindicated Head of the bed 30–45° Stress ulcer prophylaxis During mechanical ventilation…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

…the first instance. Give small boluses, for example 250 to 500 mL, with immediate reassessment of the blood pressure, pulse, peripheral perfusion, mental state and…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…time windows, indications and contraindications for intravenous thrombolysis, weight based tenecteplase dosing, blood pressure thresholds, monitoring, complications and when thrombectomy should be considered. The doses…

Antianginal Therapy: Beta-Blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Nitrates, and Ranolazine

…reducing myocardial ischaemia and relieving anginal symptoms, while maintaining tolerability and adherence. Selection should be individualized according to blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular function…

Atrial fibrillation: quick reference for emergency management

…without delay, in any of the following: A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…information. Coronary pressure measurements permit assessment of the physiological significance of selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…are introduced, although the effect on 24 hour mortality is uncertain and the evidence for non traumatic bleeding is weaker [2,3,4]. Do the…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…individuals without known clinical coronary artery disease, especially when conventional risk estimates leave uncertainty near a treatment decision threshold. It can move estimated cardiovascular risk…

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