…protocols. Children, pregnant women and patients with advanced renal failure, marked heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and early specialist involvement. DKA…

…immediately: 1. Call for help using the words massive haemorrhage , and state the patient's location and identity, the presumed cause of bleeding, and how…

…end organ hypoperfusion, shock states, and pulmonary congestion. In pregnant patients presenting with suspected acute heart failure, urgent hospital admission and referral to an expert…

…is metabolized to cyanide. Cyanid toxicity may be fatal (should be suspected if patient develops altered mental status and lactic acidosis). Fatal outcomes are rare…

…coronary circulation and may involve multiple vessels. Pregnancy associated SCAD can occur at any stage of pregnancy or after delivery, although more than 70% of…

…Despite the effectiveness of preventive interventions in both sexes, women are less likely to receive statins, aspirin or referral to cardiac rehabilitation and are less…

…anxiety, or distress have transient BP elevation that improves when the precipitating state resolves. The distinction is therefore not based on the BP value alone…

…the investigation will be usable. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) Indications Confirmation of newly detected hypertension — recommended before treatment is started . Suspected white coat hypertension…

…unusual or unclear poisoning, with modified release preparations, mixed poisoning, pregnancy, children, a need for an antidote or dialysis, and whenever the clinical course deviates…

Referensvärden Reference ranges are statistical: by definition they encompass 95 % of a healthy reference population, which means that one healthy value in twenty falls outside…

…wrong patient — a mislabelled tube, or an identity check performed at the nurses' station instead of at the bedside. The check against the patient's…

…bag mask ventilation or failed intubation — and already at the planning stage when the MACOCHA score or the LEMON assessment indicates that difficulties are likely…

…Warfarin is started today because there is a reason to reject a DOAC , not as the standard option. Contraindications Ongoing clinically significant bleeding. Pregnancy in…

…pressure can cause serious organ damage even at lower levels, particularly in pregnancy [1,2]. Malignant hypertension is not entirely synonymous with a hypertensive emergency…

…examinations of the breasts, the genitalia and the rectum. Ask about pregnancy, menstrual status, previous smear results and any previous conisation. Procedure Inspection The patient…

…markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic, rare lipid, or BP disorders Pregnancy Established ASCVD includes previous acute coronary syndrome, chronic coronary syndromes, coronary revascularization…

…in the supine position in a cardiac arrest. For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy, or when the fundal height surpasses the umbilicus…

…applies where you work. They assume normal renal and hepatic function, a non pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual assessment. See the separate quick…

…Children, pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or other advanced immunotherapies may require separate local protocols…

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and clinical classification Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy comprise chronic or pre existing hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia. Collectively, they affect approximately…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

…ischemia. Hypertension. Hypertensive emergency, including in pregnancy. Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and alpha adrenergic blocker with rapid onset of action. Labetalol…

…from a previously low level can cause organ damage at lower values, for example in pregnancy, acute glomerular disease or scleroderma renal crisis [1,2]…

…A normal GGT shifts the suspicion to bone, pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction…

…from them Full bladder Have the patient void, or catheterise, before puncture Pregnancy, previous extensive abdominal surgery Ultrasound guidance; choose a new site if in…

…family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation, planning pregnancy, uncontrolled hypertension or annual growth 3 mm. Limitations Formulas assume normal body habitus…

…Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction: Initial loading dose: 300–500 mg as soon…

…Increase as necessary. Maximum dose: 5 mg iv every six hours. Adverse effects Severe hypotension. Contraindications • Contraindicated in pregnancy, severe renal artery stenosis, severe hyperkalemia. •…

…hypercoagulability, and pregnancy are common risk factors (see Risk factors below). A significant proportion of cases with pulmonary embolism require thrombolysis to dissolve the occlusion…

…L (FEU). Check which unit and which reference system your own laboratory uses before applying it. The D dimer is raised in pregnancy, malignancy, infection…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

…Danlos syndrome Inflammatory aortitis, including Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of the aorta Previous aortic trauma Pregnancy, particularly the third…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…