…to demonstrate an intramural haematoma or double lumen Type 1 is reported in fewer than one third of cases in the pregnancy related source material…

…hepatic complications, renal impairment, and cerebrovascular accidents. HELLP syndrome is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Pregnancy related hypertension also influences obstetric management. In late…

… raised by anaemia, age and pregnancy Procalcitonin < 0.25 µg/L Supports a bacterial aetiology; used to guide antibiotic therapy Glucose and lipids Test…

…deterioration in renal function and urinary abnormalities. Malignant hypertension may cause acute microangiopathy, with renal, retinal, and cerebral involvement. Catecholamine excess and drug related presentations…

…and the speed of the course. An AST/ALT ratio 2 with moderately raised values suggests alcohol related liver disease; a ratio < 1 suggests…

…hemodynamic alterations which may culminate in cardiac arrest. Pulmonary embolism is causally related to deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Approximately 70% of individuals with symptomatic pulmonary…

…and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy…

…be stopped at any moment. A trauma informed approach also improves the technical quality — a relaxed patient is easier to examine. Indications Symptoms: bleeding outside…

…completely. Relative contraindications: A high risk of aspiration: a non fasted patient, ileus, third trimester pregnancy, marked reflux. A need for high airway pressures, for…

…be given immediately [3]. This quick reference applies chiefly to adults with neutropenia related to cancer treatment. Children, pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell…

…in the supine position in a cardiac arrest. For women beyond the 20 th week of pregnancy, or when the fundal height surpasses the umbilicus…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

…ischemia. Hypertension. Hypertensive emergency, including in pregnancy. Postoperative hypertension. Mechanism of action Combined beta adrenergic and alpha adrenergic blocker with rapid onset of action. Labetalol…

…abnormal 24 hour rhythm should prompt investigation for sleep apnoea, renal disease and secondary hypertension, and lead to one dose being moved to the evening…

…pressure can cause serious organ damage even at lower levels, particularly in pregnancy [1,2]. Malignant hypertension is not entirely synonymous with a hypertensive emergency…

…cause organ damage at lower values, for example in pregnancy, acute glomerular disease or scleroderma renal crisis [1,2]. A hypertensive emergency means a markedly…

…often lacks abdominal pain and peritonism and instead presents as encephalopathy, renal failure or simply deterioration. The procedure itself is straightforward: ultrasound to find the…

…substances weight, age, pregnancy and comorbidity renal and hepatic function regular medication and drug dependence epilepsy or previous seizures suicidal intent packaging, blister packs, photographs…

…cost, adherence, pregnancy after the first trimester under specialist care). Rheumatic mitral stenosis with atrial fibrillation. In uncomplicated atrial fibrillation and in ordinary venous thromboembolism…

…family history of dissection, severe aortic regurgitation or mitral regurgitation, planning pregnancy, uncontrolled hypertension or annual growth 3 mm. Limitations Formulas assume normal body habitus…

…Severe heart failure. Doses 100 mg/day during the third trimester of pregnancy. Dosage Acute myocardial infarction: Initial loading dose: 300–500 mg as soon…

…dose: 5 mg iv every six hours. Adverse effects Severe hypotension. Contraindications • Contraindicated in pregnancy, severe renal artery stenosis, severe hyperkalemia. • Avoid in acute heart…

…threshold (Hb) : : Most stable adult inpatients, including intensive care 70 g/L Known cardiovascular disease, postoperatively after cardiac surgery 80 g/L Acute coronary syndrome…

…protocols. Children, pregnant women and patients with advanced renal failure, marked heart failure or circulatory shock require a specific protocol and early specialist involvement. DKA…

…normal renal and hepatic function, a non pregnant adult of normal weight, and individual assessment. See the separate quick reference for dosing in impaired renal…

…rate of bleeding, the pattern of injury or disease, the response to initial treatment and the expected continued bleeding matters more than an exact estimate…

…molecular weight heparin is the first choice in pregnancy and an alternative in cancer associated thrombosis. Warfarin in antiphospholipid syndrome and in marked renal failure…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

…Bicuspid aortic valve Coarctation of the aorta Previous aortic trauma Pregnancy, particularly the third trimester Weightlifting Cocaine use Deceleration injury Systemic hypertension coexists in approximately…

…lipid, or BP disorders Pregnancy Established ASCVD includes previous acute coronary syndrome, chronic coronary syndromes, coronary revascularization, stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial disease…

…therapy. Furthermore, acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock can present de novo in pregnant women without pre existing heart disease, such as in peripartum cardiomyopathy…

…Indications Hypertension, hypertensive emergency/crisis. Pregnancy induced hypertension. Angina pectoris Prinzmetal's angina Mechanism of action Nicardipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB). Nicardipine…

…lactic acidosis). Fatal outcomes are rare. Renal failure increases risk of cyanide toxicity. Cyanide toxicity requires doses 2 μg/kg/minute. Use the lowest…