…which is a manifestation of post cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS). PCIS is an umbrella term that also includes post pericardiotomy syndrome and post traumatic pericarditis…

…Draining the pericardium, therefore, takes precedence over compressions. For traumatic tamponades, thoracotomy remains the primary therapeutic intervention. Ideally, it should be performed within 15 minutes…

Echocardiography Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction mechanical complications are structural disruptions of acutely infarcted myocardium occurring most often during the first…

CPR Post resuscitation care Victims of out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) who achieve ROSC in the emergency room (ER) are transferred to the intensive…

…understanding of myocardial infarction (MI) has evolved significantly over the past century. Initial post mortem observations in the late 19th century first linked thrombotic occlusion…

…Non surgery patients: atrial fibrillation ≤7 days duration. Post cardiac surgery: atrial fibrillation ≤3 days duration. Vernakalant does not convert atrial flutter to sinus rhythm…

…ischemic heart disease, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and post myocardial infarction (MI) care. Despite their proven morbidity and mortality benefits, their use…

…PCI), or medical management. The standard post ACS regimen is DAPT for 12 months, generally consisting of low dose aspirin and a potent P2Y12 inhibitor…

…In summary, while the absence of a pupillary reflex upon hospital admission post cardiac arrest serves as an unfavorable prognostic indicator, its standalone utility in…

…Prevention of recurrence after a healed venous ulcer. After deep vein thrombosis with post thrombotic syndrome. Differential diagnosis Feature Venous ulcer Arterial ulcer Diabetic foot…

…and mortality The modern concept of rehabilitation has evolved from early post infarction physical activity programmes into a structured centre of secondary cardiovascular prevention in…

…angina, angina or ischaemia with non obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA), post ACS or post revascularization states, and heart failure of ischaemic or cardiometabolic origin…

…In this post I would like to discuss hot topics related to coronary artery disease and I will emphasize on issues that are typically raised…

…of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains associated with post procedural morbidity and mortality. Pathophysiology The precise mechanism of contrast induced…

…Restenosis was more likely with: Small reference vessel diameter A small post procedural lumen Substantial residual stenosis Long lesions Diabetes mellitus Untreated edge dissection Components…

…In patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), the early post event period is particularly vulnerable, and delayed intensification of lipid lowering therapy may leave patients…

…scar formation Diffuse myocardial fibrosis Reversible ischemic dysfunction Chronic hypoperfusion with hibernating myocardium Post ischemic stunning Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the…

…availability of atropine, isoproterenol, or transcutaneous pacing for post shock bradycardia, and use of biphasic defibrillators , which are standard due to superior efficacy over monophasic…

…Frequently, overt signs of life are absent, and the patient's coldness can mimic post mortem conditions. Therefore, a meticulous assessment of vital signs is…

…such as viral, bacterial, and tuberculous infections. Post pericardiotomy syndrome. Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free ventricular wall. Neoplasms (particularly breast and lung…

…injection has gone to the right place — immediate pain relief is a diagnostic finding — and appears to reduce the risk of a post injection flare…

…a sudden heart rate decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with…

…Serial measurements track shunt progression in chronic conditions. Post Intervention Monitoring : Assess residual shunts after device closure or surgery. Differentiating Pathologies : Helps differentiate cardiac vs…

…Acute Heart Failure and Early Post Discharge Management The STRONG HF trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of an approach based on starting and titrating…

…not tolerated, or when an individualized post PCI strategy favours P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy. Clopidogrel Clopidogrel 75 mg once daily is an established alternative to aspirin…

…Consequently, true atypical flutter is considered a post hoc diagnosis, confirmed only after the circuit has been fully outlined and dependence on the CTI has…

…resistance Thyroid disease Kidney disease Excessive alcohol consumption Diets high in carbohydrate or fat Glucocorticoids Beta blockers Oestrogen therapy Some antiretroviral therapies Post transplant medications…

…metallic stent implantation is increased by: Small reference vessel size A small post procedural luminal diameter A high degree of residual stenosis Long lesion length…

…greater ventricular wall stress, probably because of suppression of natriuretic peptide production or post translational modification rather than a simple clearance effect. Treatment also affects…

…such as mobile cardiac outpatient telemetry devices, are generally preferred over devices that require post completion processing. If symptoms remain elusive and extended monitoring exceeding…

…may assist in embolic risk assessment. Clinical presentation and symptoms LV thrombus may be clinically silent and discovered during post infarction imaging. When embolization occurs…

…haemorrhage into the plaque. The diagnosis is supported by the general criteria for acute MI together with evidence of acute coronary atherothrombosis. Post mortem demonstr

…more) or less than 1 mm. Negative U waves my occur when post ischemic T wave inversions are present. T wave inversions may actually become…

…a sudden heart rate decrease (e.g due to sinus pause or post VPC pause) results in augmentation of early afterdpolarization amplitude (typically seen with…

…Often, a rise in ETCO 2 is observed before a detectable pulse post ROSC. If ETCO 2 remains below 1.33 kPa (10 mmHg) during…

…lithium, or potassium intoxication where lavage might prove beneficial, the procedure should be conducted post intubation. Avoid lavage if gastrointestinal perforation or obstruction is suspected…

…arrest requires comprehensive efforts and resources, ranging from continuously training laymen in the community to establishing advanced post resuscitation care. Since the majority of all…

…been completed. Furthermore, the blood pressure lowering effect persists for a duration of 3 to 4 days post infusion, thereby providing extended therapeutic benefits. 2…

…as in STEMI, radiate to the neck, shoulders or back. However, acute pericarditis is more likely if inspiration and supine position worsens the chest pain…

…coronary lesion, with anatomic and functional assessment discordant in a substantial minority of intermediate lesions. Over the past three decades, invasive physiological indices, led by…

…T waves are called post ischemic T waves and they indicate that the infarction process is more or less completed. Post ischemic T wave inversions…

Echocardiography The echocardiographic examination The use of echocardiography has increased dramatically during the past few decades. Advances in echocardiography have been propelled by breakthroughs in…

Echocardiography Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function Methods for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function have evolved considerably in the past two decades. Currently recommended…

Echocardiography Standardized myocardial segmentation for echocardiography and cardiac imaging Cardiovascular imaging modalities have developed rapidly in the past few decades. The repertoire of available methods…

…Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and Grown Up Congenital Heart (GUCH) disease Survival in congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased dramatically over the past few decades…

…problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the…

…problem worldwide. While the incidence of coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction has been reduced by approximately 50% during the past few decades, the…

…a nuanced, multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and management. Over the past decade, the landscape of VT management has undergone a profound paradigm shift. Driven by…

…electrical storm and sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) as the index presentation. Over the past three decades, the management of BrS has been fraught with controversies…

…The discrepancy between traditional figures and recent studies is due to the dramatic decrease in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes over the past decades…

…As always, foreign materials pose a high risk of infection. Approximately 20% of all endocarditis affect people with valve prostheses and among other cases 18…

…It has become increasingly clear in the past few decades that atherosclerosis is not caused by the passive deposition of lipids into the coronary artery…

…stockings. Avoid measuring the arm pressure on the side with a dialysis fistula, lymphoedema after axillary clearance or a recently inserted venous port. Procedure 1…

…emergency even at a lower temperature. Suspect neutropenia in anyone who has received cytotoxic chemotherapy in the past three weeks, even before a blood count…

…minutes. 3. The patient sits upright with a towel over the shoulder and holds the kidney dish against the neck below the ear. 4. Insert…

…the area. A previous intraosseous attempt in the same bone within the past 24 hours — the fluid leaks out through the old hole. Infection or…

…be biopsied. Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics. Areas at high risk of unsightly or hypertrophic scars: the sternum, the shoulder, the jawline, the ears. Anatomically hazardous…

…20% increase in NSTEMI and a corresponding decrease in unstable angina in the past two decades (many of those who would previously have been classified…

…and the SWEDEHEART registries, demonstrate that while the incidence of HFrEF has stabilized or slightly declined over the past two decades, the incidence of HFpEF…

…to detect such dynamics. ST segment elevations with concave ST segment Concave ST segment elevations pose a diagnostic challenge (Figure 1 B). Such ST segment…