…supportive care and maintain vital functions artificially until the substance undergoes renal elimination, hepatic elimination or is removed by means of dialysis. Substance Antidot e…

…and give oxygen as needed. Intubate for a threatened airway, a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote…

…Bradycardia in poisoning with a beta blocker, a calcium channel blocker or digitalis, while awaiting the antidote and specific treatment. Bradyasystole during and after cardiac…

…treatment of poisoning. Charcoal also does not bind every poison. With the following substances charcoal is ineffective and management is instead governed by the antidote…

…weak acids by keeping them in a charged form in the tubular fluid, where they cannot be reabsorbed. The treatment looks simple — bicarbonate and a…

…the lung. No tube may be used before its position has been verified by an approved method, and auscultation is not such a method. Indications…

…distress. Delirium is an acute neuropsychiatric syndrome and a clinical diagnosis, often described as acute brain failure. It is precipitated by somatic illness, drugs, poisoning…

…limit of normal: paracetamol poisoning, ischaemic hepatitis ("shock liver") or acute viral hepatitis. The three are distinguished by the history and the speed of the…

…concentration is given irrespective of the saturation Carbon monoxide poisoning. The pulse oximeter does not distinguish carboxyhaemoglobin from oxyhaemoglobin and shows a falsely normal value…

…period, for example after poisoning, since this is not compatible with a DCD process. The assessment of medical suitability is made by the transplant team…

…and written instructions. Patients taking beta blockers may respond poorly to adrenaline. If there is no response, give glucagon 1–5 mg IV followed by…

…least 48 hours Unknown Treated as chronic with respect to the correction limits The brain adapts to prolonged hypotonicity by extruding electrolytes and organic osmolytes…

…or where poisoning, arrhythmia or cardiac involvement is suspected. Transient apnoea, hypoxaemia, a rising lactate, acidosis, hypertension and tachycardia are common during a generalised seizure…

…refractory fluid overload, uraemic symptoms (pericarditis, encephalopathy) and certain poisonings. Early initiation without an absolute indication has not been shown to improve survival. Parameter Guide…