…benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the volume of air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior…

…acute dyspnoea in a patient with COPD. Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]. Do the following…

…of pneumothorax; ultrasound guidance is mandatory) Relative A very small or loculated effusion — consider image guided puncture in the radiology department The thresholds for the…

CPR Hypoxia and asphyxiation Hypoxia refers to a reduced partial pressure of oxygen in the blood. Asphyxia is characterized by insufficient ventilation, leading to hypoxia…

…and, in the most severe cases, hypotension, pneumothorax and respiratory arrest [1]. The first few minutes 1. Sit the patient up and minimise physical exertion…

…of pneumothorax Highest risk of thrombosis and contamination, immobilises the patient The right internal jugular vein is the first choice in most situations. The femoral…

…Bilevel NIV IPAP 12–15 and EPAP 4–5 cmH₂O Increase the IPAP in steps of 2–3 cmH₂O every 5–10 min towards 20…

…in the thorax, the abdomen, the skull and the eyes. Postpone the test in: Condition Recommended delay : : Myocardial infarction or unstable angina 1 month Pneumothorax…

…tension pneumothorax, acidosis, drug overdose, hypothermia, and hyperkalemia. For recurrent symptomatic bradycardia, temporary or permanent pacing may be required. However, transcutaneous pacing in the setting…

…or belching. Radiation to both arms or shoulders has a particularly strong association with myocardial infarction in the cited clinical data, although right arm radiation…

…cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, preexisting acidosis, drug overdose, hypothermia, and hyperkalemia. When bradycardia occurs in the context of inflammatory heart disease, it often reflects myocardial…

…Aortic dissection Pneumothorax Pulmonary embolism Mediastinitis (rare condition) In addition to these five conditions, there are numerous other causes of chest pain, but the other…

…Tension pneumothorax increases intrathoracic pressure, which subsequently compresses larger thoracic veins and thus inhibits venous return to the heart. Pneumothorax can be treated successfully in…

…thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary), tension pneumothorax. No drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest. High quality compressions with minimal interruptions…

…An undrained pneumothorax. A high oxygen concentration washes nitrogen out of the pleural air and speeds resorption. Other conditions in which high flow oxygen is…

…diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic heart disease is broader than chest pain itself, encompassing symptoms like tightness, pressure, and discomfort in the chest…