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ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers

…therapies have failed. Patients with structural heart disease or reduced left ventricular function are not eligible. Effects of propafenone and flecainide on ECG, heart rhythm…

Exercise stress testing in special patient populations

…Patients with previous acute coronary syndromes (ACS) Exercise stress testing is routinely performed after acute myocardial infarction in order to assess the presence of myocardial…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…term risk of stroke. In patients with acute decompensated heart failure, AF with rapid ventricular response is particularly important. Cardioversion is generally not immediately indicated…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…patient, not the list of poisons. Stabilisation according to ABCDE, the plasma glucose, a blood gas and an ECG all come before complete identification of…

Paracentesis

…to the rectus sheath, and a cell count plus albumin on the sample. Indications Diagnostic paracentesis: Newly detected ascites — always. Every admission of a patient…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

Procedurer The value of the exercise test lies not in ST depression alone but in the overall picture : exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure response, heart…

Reduction of dislocations

…so as not to reduce a fracture dislocation or to miss a posterior dislocation. The exceptions are an obvious recurrent dislocation in a patient with…

Abscess incision and drainage

…shows the depth of the cavity and its distance to vessels. Contraindications and when to involve a surgeon The following locations must not be handled…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk of rapid deterioration. Intraosseous access: Cardiac arrest where venous access is not immediately available. Shock…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…A D dimer must not be used to rule it out The age adjusted D dimer in patients over 50: the threshold becomes age × 10…

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