…maximum arterial pulsatile pressure during systole. With auscultatory measurement, it corresponds to the appearance of the first Korotkoff sound. Diastolic blood pressure: the minimum arterial…

…Management of acute bradycardia in the emergency setting. Parameter Assessment A Airway Voice Breath sounds B Breathing Respiratory rate (12–20 / min) Chest wall movements…

…duration of diastole compared to systole. Clinical utlility Monitoring MAP is essential for assessing adequate organ perfusion, especially in critically ill patients. A MAP of…

…trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb: marked peripheral arterial disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, thromboangiitis obliterans…

…Discharge Management The STRONG HF trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of an approach based on starting and titrating oral medical therapy for heart failure…

…catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted peripheral venous access during prolonged intravenous therapy…

…electrocardiographic and haemodynamic monitoring with ECG, a central venous catheter and an arterial line is necessary to achieve an optimal result. Overview of vasopressors and…

…Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of vasopressors and inotropes Inotropes and…

…Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG, central vein catheter and intra arterial catheter (A line) is warranted. Overview of vasopressors and inotropes Inotropes and…

…invasive monitoring and slower administration. Significant metabolic alkalosis or an arterial pH above 7.55 already before starting. Severe hypernatraemia. Preparation and equipment Two peripheral…