…with mild inflammation Splinting with a cotton wisp Ingrown nail with moderate inflammation Splinting with a strip of suture material or a drain Ingrown nail…

…40% of atrial size Jet orientation central variable excentric Pulmonary vein flow S dominant reduced S wave systolic flow reversal, Qualitative parameters Mild regurgiation Moderate…

…regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of…

…regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of…

…triglycerides exceed 500 mg/dL to reduce this risk. The ASCVD implications of chylomicronaemia itself remain uncertain, whereas moderate HTG, approximately 150–500 mg/dL…

…CAD in patients with symptoms suggestive of CAD. SPECT imaging is recommended as the initial study in patients with low to moderate risk of CAD…

…life : : : : Hydrocortisone (cortisol) 20 mg Marked Short, 8–12 hours Prednisolone 5 mg Moderate Intermediate, 12–36 hours Methylprednisolone 4 mg Low Intermediate Betamethasone 0…

Procedurer The value of the exercise test lies not in ST depression alone but in the overall picture : exercise capacity, symptoms, blood pressure response, heart…

…a high risk of hypoglycaemia 8–12 mmol/L The critically ill patient in intensive care According to the local protocol Avoid tight targets in…

…copious exudate Dry, necrotic, pale Variable, often deep Pain Moderate, relieved by elevation Severe, worse on elevation, better when dependent Often painless (neuropathy) Surrounding skin…

…min). Patients with mild to moderate heart failure, kidney or liver disease, especially when combined with diuretics (risk of fluid retention and impaired kidney function)…

… } Interpretation of CHADS VASc score and decisions on anticoagulation Men Women Points Recommendation Evidence Recommendation Evidence 0 No treatment Low No treatment High 1 Oral…

…Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity Hyaluronic Acid HYALURONIC ACID HYALURONIC ACID NA no no ZYPREXA Relprevv…

…Components of the HAS BLED Score The HAS BLED score is an acronym that stands for: H ypertension A bnormal renal/liver function S troke…

…regurgiation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Pulmonary valve morphology normal normal/abnormal abnormal Density CW Doppler weak, slow deceleration variable dense, steep deceleration, early termination of…

…according to national CVD mortality rates: Low risk Moderate risk High risk Very high risk Correct selection of the country risk cluster is therefore essential…

…principle is that the visual severity of a stenosis does not reliably establish its haemodynamic importance. A lesion that appears moderate may be functionally important…

…encompasses several physiological states. Brief coronary occlusion or relatively prolonged moderate ischemia may produce post ischemic stunning. In the absence of infarction, contractile recovery can…

…per week of moderate intensity aerobic activity; or 75–150 minutes per week of vigorous intensity aerobic activity; or An equivalent combination of moderate and…

…Contraindications Asthma and COPD. Adenosine has caused mild to moderate exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Adenosine should be used with caution in patients with obstructive lung…

…2800 adults per 1 million individuals have congenital heart defects, and half of them have moderate or complicated defects; the remaining third have mild defects (…

…LVH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). The electrical vector of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH, which results in large R waves in left…

…or raised Other Moderate work of breathing Accessory muscle use Cyanosis, exhaustion, hypotension or collapse The classification is based on a combination of clinical findings…

Procedurer The ankle brachial index is the cheapest and most accessible method of objectively demonstrating peripheral arterial disease, and it is needed more often than…

…without delay, in any of the following: A systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg caused by the arrhythmia. Ongoing myocardial ischaemia with chest pain and…

…area 3.0–4.0 cm² 3.0–4.0 cm² Grading of aortic stenosis: mild, peak velocity 2.6–2.9 m/s; moderate…

…Always follow the local protocol for exact infusion rates, electrolyte concentrations and level of care. This quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises…

…early diastolic early diastolic holodiastolic Quantification of jet Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet width / LVOT width < 0.25 0.25 0.64…

…renal function and the rate of rise. Often outpatient or brief inpatient follow up depending on the clinical picture Moderate 6.0 to 6.4…

…Severe headache Persistent nausea Moderately reduced consciousness Marked gait instability The specificity of the symptoms is limited. In a patient with moderate symptoms the physician…

…are distinguished by the history and the speed of the course. An AST/ALT ratio 2 with moderately raised values suggests alcohol related liver disease…

…92 % where there is a risk of carbon dioxide retention (COPD, obesity hypoventilation, neuromuscular disease). Both hypoxia and liberal oxygen administration are associated with worse…

…of the ear canal , past the plug — not straight at it. The water should get behind the wax and push it out. 6. Use moderate…

…early diastolic early diastolic holodiastolic Quantification of regurgitant jet Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet width / LVOT width < 0,25 0,25 0…

…Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score is a clinical tool designed to estimate the risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergoing anticoagulation therapy…

…attack (TIA). Severely impaired liver function classified as Child Pugh Class C. Dosage Adults Initial dose : A single loading dose of 60 mg. Maintenance dose…

…of developing an atherothrombotic event. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any excipient. Active bleeding. Previous intracranial hemorrhage. Severe liver impairment. Concurrent administration of…

…Denmark, Netherlands and United Kingdom reported a novel ECG syndrome characterized by widespread ST segment depressions and an increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest. They…

…claudication, accompanied by moderate pain or paresthesia, while sensory and motor function remain preserved. The duration and progression of symptoms should be documented carefully. Longer…

…heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy. The cardiovascular implications of lower alcohol intake remain controversial. Epidemiological studies have often described a J shaped association between…

…present Moderate progression risk; vascular risk factors require close attention 3b 30–45 mL/min/1.73 m² Proteinuria may be present High risk of…

…potential causes of shock. Patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease have a higher burden of comorbidity and an increased risk of in hospital…

…fatty liver disease. Interpretation of the Agatston Score The score should be interpreted both by its absolute value and in relation to age and sex…

…for the presence of worsening renal function, advanced age, hypokalemia, chronic lung disease, hypothyroidism, and amyloidosis. Furthermore, ongoing ischemia, hypomagnesemia, and moderate to severe renal…

…exercise induced arrhythmias Evaluating the blood pressure response Refining risk stratification and prognosis For patients with low or moderate pre test likelihood of obstructive CAD…

…individualized within the applicable guideline framework. Combination therapy is based on the complementary mechanisms of drugs from different classes. By acting on more than one…

…or moderate intensity statins should have treatment intensified. The 2025 ACS guideline recommendations include: High intensity statin therapy for all patients with ACS. Addition of…

…risk is moderate or near a treatment decision threshold. Failure to account for a high Lp(a) level may lead to substantial underestimation of cardiovascular…

…available, PET MPI is recommended in individuals with suspected chronic coronary syndrome and a moderate or high pre test likelihood of obstructive coronary artery disease…

…most persuasive when the initial probability is high enough that the result meaningfully increases the likelihood of disease and can justify further investigation or treatment…

…severity, or location of inducible ischaemia. It is particularly appropriate when: The pre test likelihood of obstructive CAD is moderate or high, generally greater than…

…diameter suggests moderate aortic regurgitation. A jet diameter 65% of the LVOT diameter suggests severe aortic regurgitation (Figure 1). Figure 1. Diameter of the regurgitant…

…hyponatremia. Degree of hyponatremia P/S Na + Common effects Mild 130 125 mmol/l Cognitive disorders, vertigo, balance disorder. Moderate 115 125 mmol/L Headache…

…Moderate hypothermia Impaired consciousness, with or without shivering 28 31°C Severe hypothermia Unconscious, with signs of life <28 °C Very severe hypothermia No signs of…

…ventricular hypertrophy may instead display normalization of secondary T wave inversions (lead V5, V6, aVL, I). ECG in moderate hyperkalaemia Previously mentioned ECG changes becomes…

…in cardiac output during moderate exercise is the result of increased stroke volume and increased heart rate. However, when roughly half of the maximal cardiac…

…and subject preparations. We will also discuss the relevance of withholding specific cardioactive medications during exercise testing (exercise ECG). Indications for exercise stress test Indications…

…thickness, often indicative of early or mild ischemia. Moderate defects : Associated with wall thinning, suggesting a more advanced level of ischemia or partial scarring. Severe…

…Grading of pulmonic stenosis. Grading of pulmonic stenosis Maximum gradient Maximum velocity Small PS <36 mmHg <3 m/s Moderate PS 36 64 mmHg 3…

…of the symptoms. The degree and extent of wall motion abnormalities correlate well with the severity and extent of ischemia. In the setting of moderate…