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Abscess incision and drainage

…somewhere that makes incision in the emergency department the wrong move — in the hand, in the medial triangle of the face or perianally. Indications Fluctuant…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

Procedurer A corticosteroid injection into soft tissue gives rapid but time limited pain relief and rarely alters the natural history of the disease. In lateral…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…the left subclavian artery. Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer PAU is focal ulceration of an atherosclerotic plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…include plaque formation with calcium deposition, medial thinning, destruction of muscular and elastic tissue, fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina, and superimposed platelet and fibrin…

Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Management

…consequences of diabetes may present through any major cardiovascular phenotype: CAD, including chronic coronary syndromes and acute coronary syndromes HF across the spectrum of left…

Mitral valve stenosis

…dilation. Atrial dilation causes a significantly increased risk of atrial fibrillation. The increase in left atrial pressure may also propagate backward to the pulmonary circulation…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…pressure in that leg ÷ highest arm pressure of the two arms Interpretation ABI Interpretation Action : : : 1.40 Incompressible vessels — medial sclerosis Measure the toe pressure…

Joint aspiration

…sterile gauze, and a fenestrated drape for injection. A needle of 0.8–1.2 × 50 mm for large joints (knee, shoulder), 0.5–0…

Nail procedures — paronychia, ingrown toenail and subungual haematoma

…digital block Anaesthetise from the dorsal aspect, one injection medial and one lateral to the base of the phalanx, 2–3 mL on each side…

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